カテゴリー「thyroid cancer」
Title: 188 Review of Epidemiological Finding in Study of Medical… Review of Epidemiological Finding in Study of Medical Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident in Ukrainian Population
Author: Anatoly Ye. PRYSYAZHNYUK, Volodymir G. GRISHTSHENKO, Zoya P. FEDORENKO*, Ludmila O. GULAK*, Mykola. M. FUZIK
Reference: [PDF-120K]Oct 2002 Scientific Center for Radiation Medicine of Academy of Medical Science of the Ukraine
Keywords:
Abstract: Evaluation of the health status of different groups of the Ukrainian population affected by the Chernobyl accident is one of the most important problems in elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. A lot of scientific researches devoted to study of health effects and based on established registers of victims of the Chernobyl accident had drawn conclusion about worsening of health of main groups of the affected population: Chernobyl accident recovery operation workers, evacuees from Prypyat city and 30km zone, and residents of the most contaminated with radionuclides territories. Most remarkable stochastic effect of radiation due to the Chernobyl accident is increase of thyroid cancer incidence rate in the above-mentioned groups of the Ukrainian population. For female breast cancer and some other solid cancers there are suggestions of increases. Further observation is needed for long term stochastic and non-stochastic effects.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/kr79pdf/Prysyazhnyuk.pdf
Title: Nuclear Energy Use
Author: Clapp, R.W. / Kakos, W.
Reference: International Encyclopedia of Public Health, Jan 2008
ISBN:9780123739605
Keywords: Atomic bomb; Breeder reactor; Cancer; Chernobyl; Enrichment; IAEA; International Atomic Energy Association; Leukemia; Nuclear fuel cycle; Pebble bed reactor; Plutonium; Radioactivity; Reprocessing; Three Mile Island; Uranium; Yucca Mountain
Abstract: The history of nuclear power is inextricably linked to the development of nuclear weapons. The introduction of the atomic bomb in World War II brought radiation to the forefront of the world stage, especially the negative health effects suffered by Japanese victims. The global focus then shifted to the peaceful use of atomic energy for power production. Each stage of the nuclear fuel cycle involves potentially harmful effects on human health, with mining and milling being the most harmful. Although nuclear technology has advanced significantly, waste disposal and the continued risk of large-scale nuclear accidents remain significant obstacles in the development of the industry.
…iodine-131 released in the Chernobyl accident. Source…anl.org . Figure 5 Thyroid cancer incidence rate in children…years as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Source: UNSCEAR…induce various types of cancer, many of the studies…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123739605004007
Title: Microsoft Word – TableofContents-Oct.doc Chernobyl: The Effects on Public Health?
Author: Andre Aurengo
Reference: [PDF-417K]Feb 2008 PHYSICS & SOCIETY IN THE OCTOBER 2002 ISSUE
Keywords:
Abstract: …the increase in thyroid cancer after childhood…years after the Chernobyl accident. No…health due to Chernobyl. They concern…square miles around Chernobyl, in Belarus…1800 cases of thyroid cancer had been reported…
URL: http://www.aps.org/units/fps/newsletters/2002/october/oct02.pdf
Title: FEASIBILITY OF DETERMINING THE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTING
Reference: [PDF-133K]Apr 2011
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: …because the young thyroid cells are rapidly…following the Chernobyl accident, dramatic…increases in childhood thyroid cancer cases were reported…Compared to the 103 Chernobyl situation, exposure…demonstrable excess in thyroid cancer risk was found…
URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/radiation/fallout/feasibilitystudy/Technical_Vol_1_Chapter_4.pdf
Title: Melatonin protection from chronic, low-level ionizing radiation
Author: Reiter, Russel J. / Korkmaz, Ahmet / Ma, Shuran / Rosales-Corral, Sergio / Tan, Dun-Xian
Reference: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 751 (1), p.7-14, Jul 2012
doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.002
Keywords: Chronic radiation exposure; Radioisotopes; Lingering radioactivity; Melatonin
Abstract: In the current survey, we summarize the published literature which supports the use of melatonin, an endogenously produced molecule, as a protective agent against chronic, low-level ionizing radiation. Under in vitro conditions, melatonin uniformly was found to protect cellular DNA and plasmid super coiled DNA from ionizing radiation damage due to Cs137 or X-radiation exposure. Likewise, in an in vivo/in vitro study in which humans were given melatonin orally and then their blood lymphocytes were collected and exposed to Cs137 ionizing radiation, nuclear DNA from the cells of those individuals who consumed melatonin (and had elevated blood levels) was less damaged than that from control individuals. In in vivo studies as well, melatonin given to animals prevented DNA and lipid damage (including limiting membrane rigidity) and reduced the percentage of animals that died when they had been exposed to Cs137 or Co60 radiation. Melatonin’s ability to protect macromolecules from the damage inflicted by ionizing radiation likely stems from its high efficacy as a direct free radical scavenger and possibly also due to its ability to stimulate antioxidative enzymes. Melatonin is readily absorbed when taken orally or via any other route. Melatonin’s ease of self administration and its virtual absence of toxicity or side effects, even when consumed over very long periods of time, are essential when large populations are exposed to lingering radioactive contamination such as occurs as a result of an inadvertent nuclear accident, an intentional nuclear explosion or the detonation of a radiological dispersion device, i.e., a “dirty” bomb.
…lower the frequency of cancer initiation. Furthermore, if cancer is initiated, melatonin…Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima [67…increasing the risk of cancer because of its ability…concentrates in the thyroid gland since four atoms…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574211001001
Title: Guidance for Industry KI in Radiation Emergencies —Questions and Answers
Reference: [PDF-162K]Sep 2010 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)
Keywords:
Abstract: This guidance represents the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person and does not operate to bind FDA or the public. An alternative approach may be used if such approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations.
…uptake of radioiodine by the thyroid gland. The current recommendations…radioiodine exposure and thyroid cancer risk gathered after the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident…suggest that the risk of thyroid cancer is inversely related to age…
URL: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm080546.pdf
Title: Concerns With Low-Level Ionizing Radiation * * Based on a Grand Rounds presentation at the Mayo Clinic on Sept. 16, 1992.
Author: YALOW, ROSALYN S.
Reference: Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 69 (5), p.436-440, May 1994
doi: 10.1016/S0025-6196(12)61639-5
Keywords: LET, linear energy transfer, Low-Level Ionizing Radiation
Abstract: …of radiation-induced thyroid nodules is higher than the risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer. Therefore, as part of the International Chernobyl Project in 1990, data…obtained about the nature of thyroid nodules in the population…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025619612616395
Title: Genomic damage in children accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation: A review of the literature
Author: Fucic, A. / Brunborg, G. / Lasan, R. / Jezek, D. / Knudsen, L.E. / Merlo, D.F.
Reference: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 658 (1-2), p.111-123, Jan 2008
doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.11.003
Keywords: Child; Ionizing radiation; Environment; Chromosome aberration assay; Micronucleus assay; Chernobyl
Abstract: During the last decade, our knowledge of the mechanisms by which children respond to exposures to physical and chemical agents present in the environment, has significantly increased. Results of recent projects and programmes focused on children’s health underline a specific vulnerability of children to environmental genotoxicants. Environmental research on children predominantly investigates the health effects of air pollution while effects from radiation exposure deserve more attention. The main sources of knowledge on genome damage of children exposed to radiation are studies performed after the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident in 1986. The present review presents and discusses data collected from papers analyzing genome damage in children environmentally exposed to ionizing radiation. Overall, the evidence from the studies conducted following the Chernobyl accident, nuclear tests, environmental radiation pollution and indoor accidental contamination reveals consistently increased chromosome aberration and micronuclei frequency in exposed than in referent children.
Future research in this area should be focused on studies providing information on: (a) effects on children caused by low doses of radiation; (b) effects on children from combined exposure to low doses of radiation and chemical agents from food, water and air; and (c) specific effects from exposure during early childhood (radioisotopes from water, radon in homes). Special consideration should also be given to a possible impact of a radiochemical environment to the development of an adaptive response for genomic damage. Interactive databases should be developed to provide integration of cytogenetic data, childhood cancer registry data and information on environmental contamination. The overall aim is to introduce timely and efficient preventive measures, by means of a better knowledge of the early and delayed health effects in children resulting from radiation exposure.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574207000634
Title: Lessons from Chernobyl: the event, the aftermath fallout: radioactive, political, social.
Author: Robbins J.
Reference: JACOB ROBBINS. Thyroid. April 1997, 7(2): 189-192.
doi: 10.1089/thy.1997.7.189..
Keywords:
Abstract: The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power station on April 26, 1986, released about 300 MCi of radioactive substances, including about 40 MCi of 131I and 100 MCi of short-lived radioiodines. In the immediate surroundings there were 143 cases of acute radiation syndrome, 34 deaths, and hundreds of thousands of people displaced from their homes, many permanently. The social and psychologic stresses that followed have been enormous and long-lasting. This article focuses on the rising incidence of thyroid cancer in exposed children. Radiation-induced thyroid cancer following external radiation is well documented but there is little evidence in humans of thyroid cancer from internal radiation and the risk coefficient for radioiodine exposure is unknown. To achieve this, thyroid dose reconstruction and prospective follow-up of about 50,000 persons who were children in 1986 will be required. Thyroid cancer in children of southern Belarus began to increase in 1990 and there now are about 1000 cases in Belarus and northern Ukraine. These aggressively growing tumors, almost all variants of papillary thyroid cancer, are typical of thyroid cancer in children not exposed to radiation, and a low mortality rate is to be expected. It also is expected, however, that malignant as well as benign thyroid neoplasms will continue to arise in these exposed children well into their adult life.
URL: http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/thy.1997.7.189
Title: Incidence of childhood disease in Belarus associated with the Chernobyl accident.
Author: Lomat L, Galburt G, Quastel MR, Polyakov S, Okeanov A, Rozin S
Reference: . 1997. Environ Health Perspect 105 Suppl 6:1529-32.
Keywords:children, Belarus
Abstract: Study of the childhood incidence of cancer and other diseases in Belarus is of great importance because of the present unfavorable environmental situation. About 20% of the children in the republic were exposed in various degrees to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Since 1987 increases in the incidence of most classes of disease have been reported, including the development of thyroid cancer. From 1987 to 1995, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 424 children; its incidence having increased from 0.2 to 4.0/10(5) in 1995. According to preliminary data for 1996, 81 childhood cancer cases were reported. During 1995 there also were increases in the incidence of endocrine and dermatologic diseases and mental disorders. During the period 1987 to 1995 significant increases in the incidences of all illnesses were observed for children listed in the Chernobyl registry. The highest incidence rates were found in evacuated children and those residing in contaminated areas. There also were increased incidences of thyroid and digestive organ diseases among these children and in addition, high prevalence of chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis was observed. Since 1990 an increase of autoimmune thyroiditis has been observed. The highest rates of hematopoietic tissue diseases were found in children born after the accident to irradiated parents.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9467077
