カテゴリー「contamination and decontamination」
Title: In vivo effects of chronic contamination with 137 cesium on testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis
Author: Elise Grignard, Yann Guéguen, Stéphane Grison, Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro, Patrick Gourmelon, Maâmar Souidi
Reference: Archives of Toxicology , September 2008, Volume 82, Issue 9, pp 583-589
DOI: 10.1007/s00204-007-0268-4
Keywords : Steroidogenesis, Testis, Adrenal, Cesium, Chronic contamination
Abstract: More than 20 years after Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion, radionuclids are still mainly bound to the organic soil layers. The radiation exposure is dominated by the external exposure to gamma-radiation following the decay of 137Cs and by soil-to-plant-to-human transfer of 137Cs into the food chain. Because of this persistence of contamination with 137Cs, questions regarding public health for people living in contaminated areas were raised. We investigated the biological effects of chronic exposure to 137Cs on testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis metabolisms in rat. Animals were exposed to radionuclide in their drinking water for 9 months at a dose of 6,500 Bq/l (610 Bq/kg/day). Cesium contamination decreases the level of circulating 17β-estradiol, and increases corticosterone level. In testis, several nuclear receptors messenger expression is disrupted; levels of mRNA encoding Liver X receptor α (LXRα) and LXRβ are increased, whereas farnesoid X receptor mRNA presents a lower level. Adrenal metabolism presents a paradoxical decrease in cyp11a1 gene expression. In conclusion, our results show for the first time molecular and hormonal modifications in testicular and adrenal steroidogenic metabolism, induced by chronic contamination with low doses of 137Cs.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00204-007-0268-4
Title: Dry, wet and cumulative fallout and milk contamination in Bratislava (Czecho-Slovakia) after the Chernobyl accident
Author: V. Koprda
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 19 November 1990, Volume 146, Issue 5, pp 323-331
DOI: 10.1007/BF02164235
Keywords: milk contamination, Slovakia
Abstract: The total γ-radioactivity of dry, wet and cumulative fallout and the radioactivity of cow milk was measured in Bratislava in the first month after the Chernobyl accident. The obtained results are in good agreement with the results of the monitoring net in Slovakia.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02164235
Title: Content of Radionuclides of Chernobyl Origin in Food Products for the Belarusian Population
Author: Vladimir P. MATSKO and Tetsuji IMANAKA
Reference: Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, July 2002
Keywords: Belarus, food, population, radionuclides
Abstract: Recent data on radionuclide contents of Chernobyl origin in food products and drinking water for the Belarusian population are reviewed. Strontium-90 and Cesium-137 are main radionuclides contributing to internal irradiation to the population. Contamination levels in food products from the social sector of agriculture (collective farms, agricultural co-operatives) are found to be generally below the current legal admissible level of RAL-99 that are defined to make internal dose of the population less than 1 mSv/yr. On the other hand, exceedings of RAL-99 are often found in food products from the private sector, especially in settlements of Gomel region where the contamination is the most serious in Belarus. Special attention should be paid to the non-farm products in the contaminated areas: mushrooms, berries, fish and meat of wild animals. For example, about 37,000 Bq/kg of 137Cs in fresh mushroom was registered in a settlement of Gomel region, which corresponds to 100 times of RAL-99 values. Concerning drinking water, the situation is quite good and no execeedings have been registered for the last 10 years.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/KURRI-KR-79.htm
Title: Radioactive Contamination of Food in Stepanivka Village, Zhytomyr Region, Ukraine: in 1992 and in 2001
Author: Volodymyr TYKHYY
Reference: Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University, July 2002
Keywords: contamination, food, Zhytomir region, Ukraine
Abstract: Two series of measurements of radioactive contamination in food samples were performed in 1992 and in 2001 in a village contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. The village, Stepanivka is located 120 km to the west of Chernobyl NPP and has a typical level of Cs-137 surface contamination around that area (3 – 5 Ci/km2). The study was performed by the Independent Environmental Laboratory in Kyiv, jointly founded by the Ukrainian NGO “Green World”, Greenpeace International and the International Renaissance Foundation. It is shown that the Cs-137 contamination in milk in 2001 became 9 times lower than in 1992, while the Cs-137 contamination in wild mushrooms and berries remained at the same level. Annual intake of Cs-137 by the people in Stepanivka through food products and water was about 3 times lower in 2001 than in 1992. On the contrary to the trend of Cs-137, activity of Sr-90 in milk and dried berries was significantly higher in 2001 than in 1992.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/KURRI-KR-79.htm
Title: A study of the staff, working in the Chernobyl zone, and residents of Slavutych (Ukraine) to identify the effects of radiation exposure from the Chernobyl fallout
Author: Brenda J. Rogers and Laura K. Baker
Reference: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University
Keywords:
Abstract: In October 1999, a research of the following four groups was conducted: 1) the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident (which were directly involved in the work on decontamination), 2) Ukrainian scientists who conducted research in the 30-km exclusion zone, and 3) U.S. scientists who worked in the exclusion zone, and 4) residents of Slavutich (Ukraine), who weren’t affected due to their profession from the Chernobyl fallout.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/chornobyl/rus_radiation_workers.htm
Title: Improving the efficiency of social and economical development of radioactive contaminated territories in the process of its recovery
Author: Talalushikina, Yulia Nikolayevna
Reference: Chelyabinsk, 2008
Keywords: socio-economic development, radioactive contamination, recovery (decontamination)
Abstract: The purpose of the research: to suggest ways to improve the socio-economic development of the radioactive contaminated territory based on an assessment by the developed technique of their condition within the process of its recovery.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/povyshenie-effektivnosti-sotsialno-ekonomicheskogo-razvitiya-territorii-radioaktivnogo-zagry
Title: Justification, evaluation of efficiency and optimization of protection and rehabilitation measures in the territories contaminated after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Panov, Alexey Valeryevich
Reference: Obninsk, 2009
Keywords: protective measures, contaminated sites, recovery activities, agriculture
Abstract: The aim of the work was to evaluate the effectiveness of protective measures for agriculture in various stages of consequences of radiation accident liquidation and on this basis to develop the optimal ways of radioactively contaminated territories recovery.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/obosnovanie-otsenka-effektivnosti-i-optimizatsiya-zashchitnykh-i-reabilitatsionnykh-meropriy
Title: Removal of Radioactive Cesium from Surface Soils Solidified Using Polyion Complex Rapid Communication for Decontamination Test at Iitate-mura in Fukushima Prefecture
Author: Hirochika NAGANAWA, Noriyuki KUMAZAWA, Hiroshi SAITOH, Nobuyuki YANASE, Hisayoshi MITAMURA, Tetsushi NAGANO, Kaoru KASHIMA, Tatsuya FUKUDA, Zenko YOSHIDA, Shun-ichi TANAKA
Reference: Transactions of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, Released 2011/09/27
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/taesj.J11.017
Keywords: polyion complex, decontamination of surface soil, suppression of dust release, Iitate-mura, upland field in a plastic greenhouse, pasture, paddy field, radioactive cesium
Abstract: We tried the decontamination of surface soils for three types of agricultural land at Nagadoro district of Iitate-mura (village) in Fukushima Prefecture, which is highly contaminated by deposits of radionuclides from the plume released from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The decontamination method consisted of the peeling of surface soils solidified using a polyion complex, which was formed from a salt solution of polycations and polyanions. Two types of polyion complex solution were applied to an upland field in a plastic greenhouse, a pasture, and a paddy field. The decontamination efficiency of the surface soils reached 90%, and dust release was effectively suppressed during the removal of surface soils.
ＵＲＬ：https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/taesj/advpub/0/advpub_J11.017/_article
Title: Estimation of the ratio of 90Sr and 137Cs activities in the Chernobyl depositions in the territory of the Russian Federation
Author: Ermilov A.P., Ziborov A.M.
Reference: Journal: Radiation and Risk (Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry), Year: 2001 Issue: 12
Keywords: contamination, cesium-137, strontium-90
Abstract: Correlative relationship between activities of 90Sr to 137Cs in condenses of the Chernobyl fallouts on April 26, 1986 was detected. The ratio was estimated with the use of data of the Institute of Global Climate and Ecology of the State Committee of Hydrometeorology and Russian Academy of Sciences. The data derived from measurements of 90Sr, 137Cs and 239+240Pu in soil samples taken in Bryansk, Kaluga, Oriol and Ryazan regions in 1992. The contribution of the condensation of 90Sr in the soil samples of the Chernobyl fallout in Russia was found to be governing factor when specific activity of 137Cs was > 2000 Bq/kg.
URL:http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/otsenka-otnosheniya-aktivnosti-90sr-k-aktivnosti-137cs-v-chernobylskih-vypadeniyah-na-territorii-rossiyskoy-federatsii
Title: Value and structure of radiation dose for emergency workers as a function of the radiation emergency mitigation phase and activity
Author: Meshkov N.A.
Reference: Journal: Radiation and Risk (Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry), Year: 2009 Volume: 18 Issue: 1
Keywords: Chernobyl disaster, radionuclides, volumetric activity, entering organism, liquidators, the nature of work being performed, 137Cs content in organism, Radiation doses, radiation dose structure
Abstract: There was performed a research of the radiation dose size and radiation dose structure of those who participated in the elimination of the Chernobyl disaster consequences. It was established that the levels of 90Sr, 137Cs and 239Pu received by means of inhaling by the «liquidators» worked at the Chernobyl atomic power station site in June and July of 1986 did not exceed the limits set by radiation standards-76/87 of that time. The average radiation doses of the «liquidators» in 1986, 1987 and 1988 were 186, 98 and 47 mGy, respectively. The most dangerous exposure to radiation was received by those who participated in the decontamination of the third power generating unit of the Chernobyl atomic power station in June and July of 1986, their radiation doses being from 205,0±10,0 to 242,0±5,6 mGy. The body burden structure of the «liquidators» participated in the elimination in 1986 consisted of exposure radiation dose of external gamma irradiation (86 %), external beta irradiation (10 %) and internal irradiation caused by inhaling radionuclides (4 %). It was established that body burden was influenced by the following factors: the level of air and area radioactive contamination, duration of work in the contaminated areas, the nature of work being performed and personal protective equipment efficacy.
URL:http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/velichina-i-struktura-doz-oblucheniya-likvidatorov-v-zavisimosti-ot-etapa-likvidatsii-posledstviy-radiatsionnoy-avarii-i-vida-rabot
