カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
- Title: Accumulation of potassium, rubidium and caesium (133Cs and 137Cs) in various fractions of soil and fungi in a Swedish forest.
Author: Vinichuk, M.; Taylor, A.F.S.; Rosén, K.; Johanson, K.J.
Reference: Science of the Total Environment. May2010, Vol. 408 Issue 12, p2543-2548. 6p.
doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.024.
Keywords: Potassium; Rubidium; Caesium; 137Cs; Fungi; Mycelium; Forest soil; Rhizosphere
Abstract: Radiocaesium (137Cs) was widely deposited over large areas of forest in Sweden as a result of the Chernobyl accident in 1986 and many people in Sweden eat wild fungi and game obtained from these contaminated forests. In terms of radioisotope accumulation in the food chain, it is well known that fungal sporocarps efficiently accumulate radiocaesium (137Cs), as well as the alkali metals potassium (K), rubidium (Rb) and caesium (Cs). The fungi then enhance uptake of these elements into host plants.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004896971000135X
- Title: Do Chernobyl-like contaminations with 137Cs and 90Sr affect the microbial community, the fungal biomass and the composition of soil organic matter in soil?
Author: Niedrée, Bastian; Berns, Anne E.; Vereecken, Harry; Burauel, Peter
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. Apr2013, Vol. 118, p21-29. 9p.
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.11.007
Keywords: Mineralization; Wheat straw; Cs-137; Sr-90; C-14; Chernobyl
Abstract: ► We observed the effects of Cs-137 and Sr-90 on microbial soil functions. ► The microbial community shifted slightly. ► The ergosterol content was not affected. ► The chemical composition of soil organic matter was also not affected. ► Effects caused by sterilization prevailed.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X12002639
- Title: Dynamics of radiation exposure to marine biota in the area of the Fukushima NPP in March–May 2011
Author: Kryshev, I.I.; Kryshev, A.I.; Sazykina, T.G.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. Dec2012, Vol. 114, p157-161. 5p.
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.04.015
Keywords: Fukushima; Radiation; Accident; Biota; Fish; Doses
Abstract: Estimates of radiation dose rates are presented for marine biota in March–May 2011 in the coastal zone near Fukushima NPP, and in the open sea. Calculations of fish contamination were made using two methods: a concentration factor approach, and a dynamic model. For representative marine organisms (fish and molluscs) the radiation dose rates did not exceed the reference level of 10 mGy/day. At a distance 30 km from the NPP, in the open sea the radiation doses for marine biota were much lower than those in the coastal zone near the NPP. Comparative estimates are presented for radiation doses to aquatic organisms in the exclusion zones of the Eastern Urals Radioactive Trail, and the Chernobyl NPP.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X12001117
Author: Eiliv Steinnes
Reference: AIP Conference Proceedings; 11/26/2007, Vol. 958 Issue 1, p23-27, 5p, 2 Charts
doi: 10.1063/1.2825796
Keywords: Radionuclide, Radiation exposure, Foodchains, Chernobyl accident, Norway.
Abstract: Radioecology is the subject dealing with the behaviour of radioactive substances in nature and how they affect plants, animals, and humans. The text discusses radionuclides of natural origin and their doses to man, artificially produced radionuclides and their most important sources, pathways of radionuclides in the environment, and transfer of radionuclides in foodchains. The importance of chemical speciation on the mobility of radionuclides in radioecology is particularly emphasized. Some radioecological problems in Norway following the Chernobyl accident are briefly discussed.
URL:http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=38fd6c54-e53b-4337-9378-d6d2a8f13f86%40sessionmgr113&vid=32&hid=126
- Title: Behavior of 110mAg and 103,106Ru in the environment after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Vuković, Ž.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 38 (3), p.283-291, Jan 1998
doi: 10.1016/S0265-931X(97)00039-8
Keywords:
Abstract: The contamination from radionuclides originated from the Chernobyl accident in the processes of copper and noble metal production from the ore of open cut mining was investigated. Presence of 110mAg and 103,106Ru in copper roast and subsequent products was found having constant ratio (4.0 ± 1.2) × 10−2. A model of the transport mechanism of radionuclides as well as the value of contamination were considered.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X97000398
- Title: Time-dependent 241Am activity in the environment from decay of 241Pu released in the Chernobyl accident
Author: Muravitsky, A.V. / Razbudey, V.F. / Tokarevsky, V.V. / Vorona, P.N.
Reference: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 63 (4), p.487-492, Oct 2005
doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2005.03.018
Keywords: Plutonium isotopes; Spectroscopy; Contamination
Abstract: The time-dependent activity of the alpha-emitting radionuclide 241Am, resulting from beta-decay of 241Pu present in the accidental release from Unit 4 of the Chernobyl NPP, has been studied. The ratios of the activity of 241Pu to those of 239, 240Pu and of 238, 239, 240Pu at the time of the accident have been derived as 69.6+0.6 and 47.1+0.4, respectively. Based on these results, a prediction of the future activity ratio 241Am/238,239,240Pu has been made, showing that it will increase slowly to the value 1 in the year 2005 and to a maximum value of 1.7 at the end of this century, followed by a gradual decrease.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096980430500179X
- Title: Pre- and post-Chernobyl accident levels of 129I and 137Cs in the Southern Baltic Sea by brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus
Author: Gómez-Guzmán, J.M. / Holm, E. / Enamorado-Báez, S.M. / Abril, J.A. / Pinto-Gómez, A.R. / López-Gutiérrez, J.M. / García-León, M.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 115, p.134-142, Jan 2013
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.08.007
Keywords: AMS; ICP-MS; 129I; 127I; Seaweed; Chernobyl accident
Abstract: ► 129I content was measured in seaweed collected in 1982 and 1986 in the Baltic Sea. ► 129I content and 129I/127I ratios were found to be highest in the Kattegat area. ► A linear relation between 127I content and salinity in seawater was established. ► Contribution of the Chernobyl accident to 129I in the region was not significant.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X12002068
- Title: A one dimensional dispersion model for radionuclides in the marine environment applied to the Chernobyl fallout over the northern Baltic Sea
Author: J. Ribbe, S. H. Mller-Navarra, H. Nies
Reference: Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection, 6 (4), p.167-172, Dec 1986
doi: 10.1088/0260-2814/6/4/002
Keywords:
Abstract: As a result of the Chernobyl fallout the Baltic Sea was the most affected marine ecosystem. The occurrence of ‘hot spots’ at the water surface was characteristic for the contamination. A one dimensional vertical dispersion model was used to explain the distribution of the radionuclides cesium 137 and cesium 134 in the water column of the central Bothnian Sea for the first six months after the contamination. In addition to the physical dispersion processes, specific chemical characteristics of the radionuclides were taken into consideration. During the time of siumulation, 5 per cent of the radionuclides cesium 137 and cesium 134 were trapped in the sediment, and 50 per cent of the plutonium 239/240 activity concentration was deposited, however, it’s activity concentration measured in the water column was close to the limit of detection.
URL: http://eprints.usq.edu.au/1081/1/Ribbe_Muller-Navara_Nies.pdf
- Title: The Chernobyl reactor accident and the aquatic environment of the UK: a fisheries viewpoint
Author: N T Mitchell, W C Camplin and D R P Leonard
Reference: Journal of the Society for Radiological Protection, 6 (4), p.167-172, Dec 1986
doi: 10.1088/0260-2814/6/4/002
Keywords:
Abstract: The monitoring programme undertaken by the Directorate throughout the UK following the Chernobyl reactor accident is described. The results of sampling and analysis of fish, shellfish, seaweed and other materials are discussed. Chernobyl fallout was readily detected in all sectors of the aquatic environment, particularly during May when the highest concentrations were observed. An assessment of the radiological impact of the fallout shows that freshwater fish were the most important source of individual (critical group) exposure though, based on cautious assumptions, the effective dose equivalent is around 1 mSv in a year. The collective effective dose equivalent commitment from Chernobyl due to aquatic ingestion pathways, predominantly marine fish, is estimated to be 30 man Sv.
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0260-2814/6/4/002/
- Title: Impact of 134Cs and 137Cs from the Chernobyl reactor accident on the Spanish Mediterranean marine environment
Author: Molero, J. / Sanchez-Cabeza, J.A. / Merino, J. / Mitchell, P.I. / Vidal-Quadras, A.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 43 (3), p.357-370, May 1999
doi: 10.1016/S0265-931X(98)00067-8
Keywords:
Abstract: As part of a study aiming to establish the distribution and bioavailability of man-made radionuclides in the marine environment, radiocaesium levels were determined in large volume sea water samples and in the sea-grass Posidonia oceanica collected along the Spanish Mediterranean coast. Results obtained from 1987 to 1991 showed the enhancement of radiocaesium levels in the Spanish Mediterranean marine environment after the Chernobyl accident. The well-known 134Cs/137Cs isotopic ratio in Chernobyl fresh deposition was used to identify the weapon tests fall-out and Chernobyl deposition components.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X98000678
