Author: KAL’CHENKO V.A.
Reference: Moscow, 1998
Keywords: genetic effects, plant, contamination of environment
Abstract: Our aim was to evaluate genetic processes in plant populations under radioactive contamination resulting from a large-scale accident at a nuclear industry.
Author: Lomaeva, Milena Gelievna
Reference: Moscow, 2007
Keywords: ionizing radiation, DNA, mouse
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the level of radiation-いindued genome instability in offsprings of BALB/c mice, born after exposure to sublethal doses of IR-male or female – parents.
Author: M. Mancuso, E. Pasquali et al.
Reference: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ― 2008. ― Vol. 105, № 34. ― P. 12445–12450
Keywords: DNA, bystander cells, direct and indirect effects of radiation
Abstract: The central dogma of radiation biology, that biological effects of ionizing radiation are a direct consequence of DNA damage occurring in irradiated cells, has been challenged by observations that genetic/epigenetic changes occur in unexposed “bystander cells” neighboring directly-hit cells, due to cell-to-cell communication or soluble factors released by irradiated cells. To date, the vast majority of these effects are described in cell-culture systems, while in vivo validation and assessment of biological consequences within an organism remain uncertain. Here, we describe the neonatal mouse cerebellum as an accurate in vivo model to detect, quantify, and mechanistically dissect radiation-bystander responses. DNA double-strand breaks and apoptotic cell death were induced in bystander cerebellum in vivo. Accompanying these genetic events, we report bystander-related tumor induction in cerebellum of radiosensitive Patched-1 (Ptch1) heterozygous mice after x-ray exposure of the remainder of the body. We further show that genetic damage is a critical component of in vivo oncogenic bystander responses, and provide evidence supporting the role of gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) in transmission of bystander signals in the central nervous system (CNS). These results represent the first proof-of-principle that bystander effects are factual in vivo events with carcinogenic potential, and implicate the need for re-evaluation of approaches currently used to estimate radiation-associated health risks.
Title: Elevated Minisatellite Mutation Rate in the Post-Chernobyl Families from Ukraine
Author: Yuri E. Dubrova, Gemma Grant, Anatoliy A. Chumak, Vasyl A. Stezhka, Angela N. Karakasian
Reference: Am. J. Hum. Genet. 71:801–809, 2002
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/342729
Keywords:Germline mutation, minisatellite, Ukraine
Abstract: Germline mutation at eight human minisatellite loci has been studied among families from rural areas of the Kiev and Zhitomir regions of Ukraine, which were heavily contaminated by radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident. The control and exposed groups were composed of families containing children conceived before and after the Chernobyl accident, respectively. The groups were matched by ethnicity, maternal age, parental occupation, and smoking habits, and they differed only slightly by paternal age. A statistically significant 1.6-fold increase in mutation rate was found in the germline of exposed fathers, whereas the maternal germline mutation rate in the exposed families was not elevated. These data, together with the results of our previous analysis of the exposed families from Belarus, suggest that the elevated minisatellite mutation rate can be attributed to post-Chernobyl radioactive exposure. The mechanisms of mutation induction at human minisatellite loci are discussed.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929707603668
Title: Founder mutations in the BRCA1 gene in west Belarusian breast-ovarian cancer families
Author: O Oszurek, B Gorski, J Gronwald, Z Prosolow, K Uglanica, A Murinow, I Bobko, O Downar, M Zlobicz, D Norik, T Byrski, A Jakubowska, J Lubinski
Reference: Clinical Genetics, Volume 60, Issue 6, pages 470–471, December 2001
DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600611.x
Keywords:BRCA1, Belarus, breast cancer, ovarian cancer
Abstract: Germline mutation at eight human minisatellite loci has been studied among families from rural areas of the Kiev and Zhitomir regions of Ukraine, which were heavily contaminated by radionuclides after the Chernobyl accident. The control and exposed groups were composed of families containing children conceived before and after the Chernobyl accident, respectively. The groups were matched by ethnicity, maternal age, parental occupation, and smoking habits, and they differed only slightly by paternal age. A statistically significant 1.6-fold increase in mutation rate was found in the germline of exposed fathers, whereas the maternal germline mutation rate in the exposed families was not elevated. These data, together with the results of our previous analysis of the exposed families from Belarus, suggest that the elevated minisatellite mutation rate can be attributed to post-Chernobyl radioactive exposure. The mechanisms of mutation induction at human minisatellite loci are discussed.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1034/j.1399-0004.2001.600611.x/abstract
Title: High frequency and allele-specific differences of BRCA1 founder mutations in breast cancer and ovarian cancer patients from Belarus.
Author: Bogdanova NV, Antonenkova NN, Rogov YI, Karstens JH, Hillemanns P, Dörk T.
Reference: Clinical Genetics Volume 78, Issue 4, pages 364–372, October 2010
DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01473.x
Keywords: BRCA1, breast cancer, founder mutations, genetic susceptibility, ovarian cancer, radiation, Belarus
Abstract: Breast cancer and ovarian cancer are common malignancies in Belarus accounting for about 3500 and 800 new cases per year, respectively. For breast cancer, the rates and age of onset appear to vary significantly in regions differentially affected by the Chernobyl accident.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01473.x/abstract
Title: Mini-and microsatellite mutations in children from Chernobyl accident cleanup workers
Author: Robbert J.C Slebos, Ruth E Little, David M Umbach, Yurij Antipkin, Tamara D Zadaorozhnaja, Nikola A Mendel, Courtney A Sommer, Kathleen Conway, Eloise Parrish, Sara Gulino, Jack A Taylor
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 559, Issues 1–2, 11 April 2004, Pages 143-151
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2004.01.003
Keywords: Minisatellite, Microsatellite, Germline mutation, Chernobyl accident
Abstract: Knowledge about possible genotoxic effects of low-dose radiation on the human germline is limited and relies primarily on extrapolations from high-dose exposures. To test whether ionizing radiation can cause paternal genetic mutations that are transmitted to offspring, we enrolled families of 88 Chernobyl cleanup workers exposed to ionizing radiation. We analyzed DNA isolated from lymphocytes for mutations via DNA blotting with the multi-locus minisatellite probes 33.6 and 33.15 and via PCR in a panel of six tetranucleotide repeats. Children conceived before and children conceived after their father’s exposure showed no statistically significant differences in mutation frequencies. We saw an increase in germline microsatellite mutations after radiation exposure that was not statistically significant. We found no dependence of mutation rate on increasing exposure. A novel finding was that the tetranucleotide marker D7S1482 demonstrated germline hypermutability. In conclusion, our results do not support an increased level of germline minisatellite mutations but suggest a modest increase in germline mutations in tetranucleotide repeats. Small sample size, however, limited statistical power.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383571804000099
Title: The physiological condition of the body and productive qualities of calves in ontogenesis under different environmental conditions and economic growth
Author: Korostelyov, Alexander
Reference: Bryansk, 2011
Keywords: ontogenesis, animals, bulls, ecology, genetics, physiology, productivity
Abstract: The main goal of the research – based on a thorough study of the influence of various density of radioactive contamination on the physiological function and productivity of the animals, to develop the concept of development of cattle breeding in the area of radioactive contamination and recommendations on technology of cultivation and feeding calves, in addition breeding cattle bulls of the black-and-white breed that ensures high productivity.
Author: Abramov VI, Rubanovich AV, Shevchenko VA, Shevchenko VV, Grinikh LI.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2006
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 582:539.1.04 [577 21+575]
Keywords: genetic mutation, plant
Abstract: During 6 years, starting from 1986, the monitoring of the dynamics of the frequency of embryo lethal and of chlorophyll mutations was carried out in arabidopsis populations in areas with different levels of radioactive contamination by the Muller embryo-test in the 30 km of ChNPP. The dose rate of chronic irradiation in the examined areas varied from 0.014 to 17 nA/Kg. Monitoring of the dynamics of the mutation process in natural arabidopsis populations showed the correlation between the level of the mutation process and the dose rate of chronic irradiation. The genetic effects of different levels of radioactive contamination were estimated by determining the frequency of mutations occurred in this generation and by calculating the dose of irradiation of one was found. That the dependence of the mutation frequency on the dose of irradiation presents a power function with a power index less 1, which suggests a higher efficiency of low radiation doses per unit dose. Possible explanations of this phenomenon are considered in the work. The studies of cytogenetic effects in chronically exposed Crepis tectorum populations in the zones of the Chernobyl accident showed that starting from the second year after the Chernobyl disaster there appeared plants with an altered karyotype and their frequency of chromosome aberrations correlates in root meristem cells.
Author: Oficerov M.V., Igonina E.V.
Reference: Gazette “ ГЕНЕТИКА” (genetics), 2009
ISSN: 1022-7954
DOI: 10.1134/S1022795409020082
Keywords: Scots pine, contamination, genetics
Abstract: The genetic consequences of irradiation were studied in a Scots pine population from a region contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl meltdown. Mutations of isozyme loci were not detected in seeds collected from trees of the first post-meltdown generation in 2004. The frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in the root meristem of seedlings grown from the seeds did not differ from the control level. A deviation from the expected ratio 1:1 was observed for some isozyme alleles in endosperms of seeds obtained from heterozygous trees.