カテゴリー「obstetrics and gynecology」
Title: Radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) content in human placenta after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
Author: Makoto Suzuki, Hiroshi Terada, Nobuya Unno, Ichiro Yamaguchi, Naoki Kunugita, Hisanori Minakami
Reference: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2 JUL 2013
DOI: 10.1111/jog.12071
Keywords: cesium;human placenta;nuclear power plant accident
Abstract: The degree of contamination with radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) in the human placenta after the accident at Fukushima nuclear power plant (FNP), which occurred on 11 March 2011, has not been assessed. Material and Methods:134Cs and 137Cs contents were determined in 10 placentas from 10 women who gave birth to term singleton infants during the period between October 2011 and August 2012 using high-purity germanium detectors for gamma ray spectrometry. Five women resided within 50 km of FNP (neighbor group) and gave birth by the end of February 2012, while the other five women resided within 210–290 km of FNP (distant group) and gave birth in July and August 2012.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jog.12071/abstract
Title: Effect of the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident on radioiodine (131I) content in human breast milk
Author: Nobuya Unno, Hisanori Minakami, Takahiko Kubo, Keiya Fujimori, Isamu Ishiwata, Hiroshi Terada, Shigeru Saito, Ichiro Yamaguchi, Naoki Kunugita, Akihito Nakai, Yasunori Yoshimura
Reference: Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology Research, Volume 38, Issue 5, pages 772–779, May 2012
Keywords: human breast milk; Iodine-131; nuclear power plant accident; radioiodine
Abstract: Environmental pollution with radioiodine (iodine-131, 131I) occurred after an accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant (FNP) on March 11, 2011, in Japan. Whether environmental pollution with 131I can contaminate human breast milk has not been documented. The 131I content was determined in 126 breast milk samples from 119 volunteer lactating women residing within 250 km of the FNP, between April 24 and May 31, 2011. The degree of environmental pollution was determined based on the data released by the Japanese government.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2011.01810.x/abstract
Reference: — Amsterdam: Elsevier (Pergamon), 2003. — 230 p.
Keywords: pre-implantation, organogenesis, and fetogenesis, animal study
Abstract: In its 1990 recommendations, the ICRP considered the radiation risks after exposure during prenatal development. This report is a critical review of new experimental animal data on biological effects and evaluations of human studies after prenatal radiation published since the 1990 recommendations.
Thus, the report discusses the effects after radiation exposure during pre-implantation, organogenesis, and fetogenesis. The aetiology of long-term effects on brain development is discussed, as well as evidence from studies in man on the effects of in-utero radiation exposure on neurological and mental processes. Animal studies of carcinogenic risk from in-utero radiation and the epidemiology of childhood cancer are discussed, and the carcinogenic risk to man from in-utero radiation is assessed. Open questions and needs for future research are elaborated.
The report reiterates that the mammalian embryo and fetus are highly radiosensitive. The nature and sensitivity of induced biological effects depend upon dose and developmental stage at irradiation. The various effects, as studied in experimental systems and in man, are discussed in detail. It is concluded that the findings in the report strengthen and supplement the 1990 recommendations of the ICRP.
URL: http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%2090
Reference: Annals of the ICRP Vol. 30/1. — Amsterdam: Elsevier (Pergamon), 2000. — 56 p.
Keywords: pregnancy
Abstract: ICRP Publication 84 concerns the management of pregnant patients as well as pregnant workers in medical establishments where ionising radiation is used. Thousands of pregnant patients and medical radiation workers are exposed to radiation each year. Lack of knowledge is responsible for great anxiety and probably unnecessary termination of many pregnancies. This report discusses how to deal with these problems. It is written primarily for physicians, but will also be useful for medical and health physicists, nurses, technologists, and administrators. It is not intended as a complete reference work, but rather to provide a practical approach that can be used in varying situations.
URL: http://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%2084
Title: Outcome of Pregnancy in one Norwegian County 3 Years Prior to and 3 Years Subsequent to the Chernobyl Accident
Author: Magnar Ulstein, Tone Skeie Jensen, Lorentz M. Irgens, Rolv Terje Lie, Erling Sivertsen
Reference: Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, Volume 69, Issue 4, pages 277–280, January 1990
DOI: 10.3109/00016349009036146
Keywords:pregnancy, Norway
Abstract: Pregnancy outcome was studied in a county in Norway 3 years prior to and 3 years subsequent to the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident on 26th April 1986. More detailed analyses have been performed for the 12 months prior to and subsequent to the accident. A significant increase in the spontaneous abortion rate the first year after the accident was followed by a slight decrease during the second and third years, but figures were still higher than the period prior to the accident. the rate of legal abortions was unchanged. During the entire observation period the number of births increased continuously, with the exception of a decrease in the last 2 months of 1986 and the first month of 1987. A higher incidence of spontaneous abortions was found for pregnancies conceived during the first 3 months after the accident. This increase in the spontaneous abortion rate is noteworthy, and more especially its long-term persistence, which cannot be the result of external radiation. the internal radiation from food polluted by radioactive fallout is a possible explanation. Changes in nutrition in order to avoid polluted food may also be of importance.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3109/00016349009036146/abstract
Title: Chernobyl exposure as stressor during pregnancy and behaviour in adolescent offspring
Author: Huizink AC, Dick DM, Sihvola E, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ, Kaprio J
Reference: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica [2007, 116(6):438-446]
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01050.x
Keywords: stressor, pregnancy, utero exposure
Abstract: Research in animals has shown that exposure to stressors during pregnancy is associated with offspring behavioural disorders. We aimed to study the effect of in utero exposure to the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, and maternal anxiety presumably associated with that exposure, on behaviour disorder observed at age 14.
URL:http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/17997723/reload=0;jsessionid=hGAqsKrHmmv8rx35ys6y.12
Title: Chernobyl: prenatal loss of four hundred male fetuses in the Czech Republic
Author: Peterka M, Peterková R, Likovský Z
Reference: Reprod Toxicol. 2004 Jan-Feb;18(1):75-9.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2003.10.010
Keywords: Sex ratio, Radiation, Pregnancy outcome, Spontaneous abortion, Czech Republic
Abstract: The long-standing higher male birth fraction is considered an indicator of reproduction stability and health. In contrast, a decrease in the male birth fraction has been reported after prenatal exposure to environmental chemical factors. There is generally higher vulnerability of boys to prenatal damage by environmental stress. We formulated a hypothesis that the Chernobyl disaster might also have had a greater negative impact on male than on female fetuses, leading to their selective loss and to a decrease in the male birth fraction. To test this hypothesis, we examined demographic data on monthly natality in the territory of the Czech Republic from 1950 to 1999. The male birth fraction was higher in the Czech Republic each month between 1950 and 1999 except November 1986, when it was significantly (P< 0.05) reduced. This finding suggests a selective negative effect of the Chernobyl accident on male fetuses during the 3rd month of prenatal development.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15013066
Title: Saving lives and changing family histories: appropriate counseling of pregnant women and men and women of reproductive age, concerning the risk of diagnostic radiation exposures during and before pregnancy
Author: Robert L. Brent
Reference: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Volume 200, Issue 1, January 2009, Pages 4-24
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2008.06.032
Keywords: ionizing radiation risk, pregnancy risks, reproductive age
Abstract: There have been many publications concerning the effects of radiation on the developing embryo. The subject includes the effects of ionizing radiation (x-rays, gamma rays, internal and external radionuclides, neutrons) and nonionizing radiation (ie, electromagnetic fields of various frequencies, microwave radiation, communication band radiation, diathermy, lasers, and ultrasound). Exposures to ionizing radiation will be emphasized in this publication.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937808006431
Title: Testicular steroidogenesis is not altered by 137 cesium Chernobyl fallout, following in utero or post-natal chronic exposure
Author: Grignard E, Guéguen Y, Grison S, Dublineau I, Gourmelon P, Souidi M
Reference: Comptes Rendus Biologies, Volume 333, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 416–423
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2010.02.003
Keywords: Steroidogenesis, Cesium, Chronic contamination, Chernobyl, utero exposure, postnatal chronic exposure
Abstract: The testis is especially sensitive to pollutants, including radionuclides. Following the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, several of these radionuclides were emitted and spread in the environment. Subsequently, children presented some disruptions of the endocrine system. To determine whether these disruptions were due to 137 cesium (137Cs) exposure, the effects of chronic contamination with low doses of 137Cs in utero or from birth on testicular steroidogenesis in rats were studied. Contamination was continued for 9 months. No modification was observed in circulating level of hormones (17β-estradiol, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone) following in utero or post-natal contamination. Expression of several genes involved in testicular steroidogenesis was affected (cyp19a1, fxr, sf-1), without modification of protein expression or activity. Our results suggest that growing organisms may be affected at the molecular level by 137Cs contamination at this post-accidental dose.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631069110000466
Title: EARLY INFANT MORTALITY IN WEST GERMANY BEFORE AND AFTER CHERNOBYL
Author: G. Luning, J. Scheer, M. Schmidt, H. Ziggel
Reference: The Lancet, Volume 334, Issue 8671, Pages 1081 – 1083, 4 November 1989
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)91091-X
Keywords: infant mortality, West Germany
Abstract: Early infant mortality rates in West Germany were plotted for regions with different radioactive burdens following the Chernobyl nuclear reactor explosion in April, 1986. In all regions, the logarithms of the mortality rates fitted a linear model between 1975 and 1985, but from May, 1986, immediately after the accident, there was a striking deviation from the model in areas with greatest radioactive fallout.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067368991091X
