カテゴリー「obstetrics and gynecology」
Title: The influence of the post-Chernobyl fall out on birth defects and abortion rates in Austria
Author: Martin C.H. Haeusler, Andrea Berghold, Wolfgang Schoell, Peter Hofer, Monika Schaffer
Reference: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Volume 167, Issue 4, Part 1, October 1992, Pages 1025-1031
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(12)80032-9
Keywords: Abnormalities, congenital, abortion, epidemiology, radioactive fallout, registries, Austria
Abstract: The influence of the radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl disaster on the rate and regional distribution of birth defects and abortion rates in southern Austria was analyzed.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002937812800329
Author: Adams RE, Guey LT, Gluzman SF, Bromet EJ.
Reference: Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2011
Keywords: long-term mental health consequences, psychological well-being, exposed women, PTSD, MDE
Abstract: The Chornobyl nuclear power plant explosion in April 1986 was one of the worst ecological disasters of the 20th century. As with most disasters, its long-term mental health consequences have not been examined.
Aims: This study describes the psychological well-being and risk perceptions of exposed women 19–20 years later and the risk factors associated with mental health.
Methods: We assessed Chornobyl-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depressive episode (MDE) and overall distress among three groups of women in Kyiv, Ukraine (N = 797): mothers of small children evacuated to Kyiv in 1986 from the contaminated area near the plant (evacuees); mothers of their children’s classmates (neighbourhood controls); and population-based controls from Kyiv. Risk perceptions and epidemiologic correlates were also obtained.
Results: Evacuees reported poorer well-being and more negative risk perceptions than controls. Group differences in psychological well-being remained after adjustment for epidemiologic risk factors but became non-significant when Chornobyl risk perceptions were added to the models.
Conclusions: The relatively poorer psychological well-being among evacuees is largely explained by their continued concerns about the physical health risks stemming from the accident. We suggest that this is due to the long-term, non-resolvable nature of health fears associated with exposure.
URL: http://isp.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/08/02/0020764011415204.abstract
M. Hatch, A. Brenner, T. Bogdanova et al.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19106267
Title: Health status of children exposed to the Chernobyl accident in utero: observations in 1989-2003 and the implications for prioritizing prophylactic programs
Author: Nataliya A. Korol, Yoshisada Shibata
Reference: Radiation Health Risk Sciences, 2009, pp 271-276
doi: 10.1007/978-4-431-88659-4_35
Keywords: Chernobyl accident, Exposed in utero, Somatic diseases, Neurotic disorders, Prophylactic programs
Abstract: To elucidate the health effects of exposure in utero to the Chernobyl accident, we compared the health status of 406 children (201 boys and 205 girls) born from women pregnant at the time of the accident (exposed group), and 406 children matched for gender and year of birth (control group) born from mothers who had been living in the same district of Kiev as mothers of the exposed group since before the accident, on the basis of biennial checkup results from 1989 through 2003. Prevalence was significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group in bronchitis, liver system disorders, and stomach disorders observed in 1995– 2003 and in vegetative nervous system disorder and cardiovascular disorders observed in 1997–2003. The prevalence of neurotic disorders was significantly higher in the exposed group than in the control group in 1989–1997; it increased dramatically until 1993, then decreased dramatically in 1995–1997, and the difference diminished in effect in 1999–2003. The results of the present study suggest the effectiveness of the massive psychosocial support programs launched in 1993 by national and international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) for those exposed in utero as a “social target group.” People exposed in utero are still in need of prophylactic intervention with the emphasis on bronchitis, stomach disorders, liver system disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and vegetative nervous system disorder.
URL: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-4-431-88659-4_35
Title: The Chornobyl accident and cognitive functioning: a follow-up study of infant evacuees at age 19 years
Author: Taormina DP, Rozenblatt S, Guey LT, Gluzman SF, Carlson GA, Havenaar JM, Zakhozha V, Kotov R, Bromet EJ.
Reference: Psychol Med. 2008 Apr;38(4):489-97
doi: 10.1017/S0033291707002462
Keywords: Chornobyl, disaster,neuropsychology,radiation, Ukraine, young adults
Abstract: The cognitive and academic outcomes of infants exposed to radiation after the meltdown at Chornobyl have been intensely debated. Western-based investigations indicate that no adverse effects occurred, but local studies reported increased cognitive impairments in exposed compared with non-exposed children. Our initial study found that at age 11 years, school grades and neuropsychological performance were similar in 300 children evacuated to Kiev as infants or in utero compared with 300 classmate controls, yet more evacuee mothers believed that their children had memory problems. This study re-examined the children’s performance and academic achievement at age 19 years.
URL: http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=1775156
Title: The psychological development of children from Belarus exposed in the prenatal period to radiation from the Chernobyl atomic power plant
Author: Kolominsky Y, Igumnov S, Drozdovitch V.
Reference: J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1999 Feb;40(2):299-305.
doi: 10.1111/1469-7610.00444
Keywords: Emotional disorder, specific learning disabilities, prenatal, radiation, social factors, education
Abstract: This study examined psychological development in 138 children at the age of 6-7 and 10-11 years, who had suffered prenatal radiation exposure at the time of the Chernobyl accident in 1986. These children were compared to a control group of 122 children of the same age from noncontaminated areas of Belarus. The examination included neurological and psychiatric examination, intellectual assessment, and clinical psychological investigation of parents as well as the estimation of thyroid exposure in utero. The exposed group manifested a relative increase in psychological impairment compared with the control group, with increased prevalence in cases of specific developmental speech-language disorders (18.1% vs. 8.2% at 6-7 years; 10.1% vs. 3.3% at 10-11 years) and emotional disorders (20.3% vs. 7.4% at 6-7 years; 18.1 vs. 7.4% at 10-11 years). The mean IQ of the exposed group was lower than that of the control group, and there were more cases of borderline IQ (IQ = 70-79) (15.9% vs. 5.7% at 6-7 years; and 10.1% vs. 3.3% at 10-11 years). The mean value of thyroid doses from 131I 0.4 Gy was estimated for children exposed in utero. No correlation was found between individual thyroid doses and IQ at age 6-7 years or 10-11 years. We notice a positive moderate correlation between IQ of children and the educational level of their parents. There was a moderate correlation between high personal anxiety in parents and emotional disorders in children. We conclude that a significant role in the genesis of borderline intellectual functioning, specific developmental disorders of speech, language and scholastic skills, as well as emotional disorders in the exposed group of children was played by unfavourable social-psychological and social-cultural factors such as a low educational level of parents, the break of microsocial contacts, and adaptational difficulties, which appear following the evacuation and relocation from the contaminated areas.
URL:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1469-7610.00444/abstract;jsessionid=C471A830E8A31F0CA0296DFA675419F3.d01t02
Title: The psychological well-being of Norwegian adolescents exposed in utero to radiation from the Chernobyl accident
Author: Kristin S Heiervang, Sarnoff Mednick, Kjetil Sundet and Bjørn R Rund
Reference: Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2011, 5:12
doi:10.1186/1753-2000-5-12
Keywords: Psychiatry, Mental Health, adolescents, Norway
Abstract: On 26 April 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant suffered an accident. Several areas of central Norway were heavily affected by far field radioactive fallout. The present study focuses on the psychological well-being of adolescents who were exposed to this radiation as fetuses.
URL:http://www.capmh.com/content/5/1/12
Author: K.N. Loganovsky
Reference: Український медичний часопис (Ukrainian Medical Magazine), 2009
Keywords: ionizing radiation, low doses, Chernobyl accident, brain, radiosensitivity, radiocerebral effects, exposure in utero.
Abstract: The aim is to analyze the current evidences on radiocerebral effects following exposure to 20 mSv on fetus and >300 mSv on thyroid in utero; 16–25 weeks — >10 mSv and >200 mSv, respectively. A life span study should be done for the cohort of prenatally irradiated persons as a result of the Chernobyl accident,as well as those exposed at the age of 0–1 years. These survivors are under increased risk of different neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Radiation exposure in childhood is obviously associated with dose-related cognitive decline in adulthood and neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, later in life. The possible dose thresholds of delayed radiation brain damage are the doses as low as 0.1–1.3 Gy on the brain in childhood. In adults, the radiation-associated cerebrovascular effects were obtained at >0.15–0.25 Sv. Dose-related neuropsychiatric, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging abnormalities following exposure to >0.3 Sv, neurophysiological and neuroimaging radiation markers at doses >1 Sv were revealed. Postradiation brain damage is predominantly localized in the frontal-temporal areas of the left hemisphere and involves both white and gray matter of the brain. The cerebral structural and functional abnormalities after irradiation are characteristic as frontal and temporal cortex atrophy, changes of subcortical structures and neuronal pathways, mainly in the dominant hemisphere. Adulthood radiation exposure is the risk factor for the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome as the predisposition for neurodegeneration, cognitive deficit and other neuropsychiatric disorders development, accelerating CNS ageing, as well as the new model of schizophrenia. Studies on radiation neuropsychiatric effects should be realized.
URL: http://www.umj.com.ua/wp-content/uploads/archive/71/pdf/1440_rus.pdf?upload
Title: Health effects in a casual sample of immigrants to Israel from areas contaminated by the Chernobyl explosion
Author: E A Kordysh, J R Goldsmith, M R Quastel, S Poljak, L Merkin, R Cohen, and R Gorodischer
Reference: Environ Health Perspect. 1995 October; 103(10): 936–941.
Keywords: Health effects, immigrants (from Chernobyl-affected areas), Israel
Abstract: We analyzed questionnaire and physician examination data for 1560 new immigrants from the former USSR divided into three groups by potential exposure to Chernobyl radiation. Two groups were chosen according to soil contamination by cesium-137 at former residences, as confirmed by our findings in a 137Cs body burden study. The third group consisted of “liquidators,” persons who worked at the Chernobyl site after the disaster. Liquidators had greater self-reported incidences of symptoms commonly accepted as acute effects of radiation exposure, increases in prevalence of hypertension, and more health complaints. Excesses of bronchial asthma and health complaints were reported in children from the more exposed communities. Asthma prevalence in children potentially exposed in utero appears to be increased eightfold. Older adults from more exposed areas had more hypertension as assessed by history and measurements. These findings suggest the possible association of radiation exposure with several nonmalignant effects.
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519167/
Title: The reproductive health of women of early childbearing age that live in ecologically unfavorable areas
Author: Dadashin, Dmitriy Viktorovich
Reference:
Keywords: obstetrics, gynecology, reproductive health of women, unfavorable areas
Abstract: The purpose of the study; to research the reproductive health of young women of childbearing age, living in the zone of low doses of radiation and hazards of adverse chemical production.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/sostoyanie-reproduktivnogo-zdorovya-zhenshchin-rannego-detorodnogo-vozrasta-prozhivayushchik
