カテゴリー「thyroid cancer」
Title: Time trends of thyroid cancer incidence in Belarus after the Chernobyl accident.
Author: Heidenreich WF, Kenigsberg J, Jacob P, Buglova E, Goulko G, Paretzke HG, Demidchik EP, Golovneva A.
Reference: 1999.Radiation Research Society Radiat Res 151:617-25.
Keywords:childhood thyroid cancer,Belarus
Abstract: The rates of childhood thyroid cancer incidence observed in Belarus during the period 1986 to 1995 are described as a function of time after exposure, age at exposure, and sex. Conclusions are drawn for the excess absolute risk function. After a minimum latent period of about 3 years after exposure, this risk function has a linear increase with time for at least 6 years. After correction for the dependence of average doses on age, the radiation-induced absolute thyroid risk in Gomel is about a factor of 3 higher for children up to age 10 at exposure compared to older ones; this may be due in part to different case-collection quality. In addition, in the group up to 10 years at exposure, the thyroid of girls is more sensitive to radiation by a factor of about 1.5 than the thyroid of boys on an absolute scale. Risk estimates from external exposure are consistent with risk estimates from Gomel assuming that the increase in excess cases reaches a plateau soon.
URL: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3580038?uid=3738328&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21101947514301
Title: . Iodine deficiency in Belarusian children as a possible factor stimulating the irradiation of the thyroid gland during the Chernobyl catastrophe.
Author: Gembicki M, Stozharov AN, Arinchin AN, Moschik KV, Petrenko S, Khmara IM, Baverstock KF.
Reference: 1997 Environ Health Perspect 105 Suppl 6:1487-90.
Keywords:children, Belarus
Abstract: Ten years after the Chernobyl nuclear plant catastrophe more than 500 children in Belarus are suffering from thyroid cancer. The major cause of the high incidence of thyroid cancer in children under 15 years of age appears to be contamination resulting from that catastrophe, mainly with isotopes of radioactive iodine. Another important factor may be iodine deficiency in the environment. A countrywide program for investigation of goiter prevalence and iodine deficiency has been established in the Republic of Belarus with the assistance of the European World Health Organization office. The program will oversee the examination of 11,000 children and adolescents 6 to 18 years of age from 30 schools in urban and rural areas. The results obtained in a group of 824 children and adolescents (the pilot phase) are typical for significant iodine deficiency and moderate goiter endemism. It is clear that the present situation does not completely reflect the situation that existed at the time of the Chernobyl catastrophe. However, data from epidemiologic studies conducted many years before the accident showed high goiter prevalence in the contaminated areas, indicating that the prevalence of iodine deficiency at the time of the catastrophe was similar to the present one or even greater. Such an assumption could lead to a better understanding of the thyroid pathologies that have been observed.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9467069
Title: Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer: what evidence for role of short-lived iodines?
Author: Bleuer JP, Averkin YI, Abelin T.
Reference: 1997. Environ Health Perspect 105 Suppl 6:1483-6.
Keywords:
Abstract: Over 500 cases of thyroid cancer were diagnosed in Belarus between 1986 and 1995 among persons exposed as children (under 15 years of age) to radioactive contamination from the Chernobyl nuclear accident. There is little doubt that radioactive iodine isotopes emitted during the nuclear explosion and subsequent fire were instrumental in causing malignancy in this particular organ. Comparison of the observed geographic distribution of Chernobyl-associated thyroid cancer incidence rates by districts with contamination maps of radioactive fallout shows a better fit for estimated 131I contamination than for 137Cs. Because 131I used for medical purposes had not been considered carcinogenic in humans in the past, and in view of the unusually short latency period between exposure and clinical manifestation of cancer, it is suspected that not only 131I but also energy-rich shorter-lived radioiodines may have played a role in post-Chernobyl thyroid carcinogenesis. Measurements of iodine isotopes are not available, but reconstruction of geographic distributions and estimations of radioactive fallout based on meteorological observations immediately following the accident could provide a basis for comparison with the distribution of thyroid cancer cases. In this paper, data from the Epidemiological Cancer Register for Belarus will be used to show geographic and time trends of thyroid cancer incidence rates in the period from 1986 to 1995 among persons who were exposed as children, and these will be compared with the estimated contamination by radioiodines. Tentative conclusions are drawn from the available evidence and further research requirements discussed.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9467068
Title: Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer in children of Belarus: a case-control study.
Author: Astakhova LN, Anspaugh LR, Beebe GW, Bouville A, Drozdovitch VV, Garber V, Gavrilin YI, Khrouch VT, Kuvshinnikov AV, Kuzmenkov YN, Minenko VP, Moschik KV, Nalivko AS, Robbins J, Shemiakina EV, Shinkarev S, Tochitskaya SI, Waclawiw MA.
Reference: Radiat Res 150:349-56. Research Institute of Radiation Medicine, Ministry of Health, Minsk, Belarus.
Keywords: children , Belarus
Abstract: The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on April 26, 1986, released approximately 2 EBq of 131I and other radioiodine isotopes that heavily contaminated southern Belarus. An increase in thyroid cancer reported in 1992 and attributed to the Chernobyl accident was challenged as possibly the result of intensive screening. We began a case-control study to test the hypothesis that the Chernobyl accident caused the increase in thyroid cancer. Records of childhood thyroid cancer in the national therapy centers in Minsk in 1992 yielded 107 individuals with confirmed pathology diagnoses and available for interview. Pathways to diagnosis were (1) routine endocrinological screening in 63, (2) presentation with enlarged or nodular thyroid in 25 and (3) an incidental finding in 19. Two sets of controls were chosen, one matched on pathway to diagnosis, the other representing the area of heavy fallout, both matched on age, sex and rural/urban residence in 1986. The 131I dose to the thyroid was estimated from ground deposition of 137Cs, ground deposition of 131I, a data bank of 1986 thyroid radiation measurements, questionnaires and interviews. Highly significant differences were observed between cases and controls (both sets) with respect to dose. The differences persisted within pathway to diagnosis, gender, age and year of diagnosis, and level of iodine in the soil, and were most marked in the southern portion of the Gomel region. The case-control comparisons indicate a strong relationship between thyroid cancer and estimated radiation dose from the Chernobyl accident.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9728663
Title: GROUNDWATER RADIOIODINE: PREVALENCE, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, AND POTENTIAL REMEDIAL APPROACHES
Author: Denham, M. / Kaplan, D. / Yeager, C.
Reference: Sep 2009 Savannah River National Laboratory
doi: 10.2172/965394
Keywords: Iodine-129, iodine-131,iodide, iodate, remediation,fission product, organic matter, microbiology, silver, sorption, risk assessment
Abstract: This report was prepared for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 and is an account of work performed under that contract. Neither the United States Department of Energy, nor SRNS, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of any information, apparatus, or product or process disclosed herein or represents that its use will not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, name, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring of same by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions or by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
…function of time after the Chernobyl accident. Note that 131 I…that the maximum dose to the thyroid occurs. As the amount of 129…and 10 4 nCi the dose to the thyroid decreases sharply due to its…activity, does not demonstrate a thyroid dose sensitivity to the amount of radioactivity…
URL: http://sti.srs.gov/fulltext/SRNL-STI-2009-00463.pdf
Title: MMJ’03-final Chernobyl: A Legacy of Disaster
Author: Gregory Gurda
Reference: [PDF-431K] MICHIGAN MEDICAL JOURNAL VOLUME 4 NUMBER1 SEPTEMBER 2003
Keywords:
Abstract: …reflect various aspects of cancer as it intersects with human…further about issues surrounding cancer and other serious life-altering…1 Flight * Noelle Goodin 5 Chernobyl: A Legacy of Disaster Gregory…Above Adam Possner Living with Cancer 8 Surviving Cancer: A Medical…
URL: http://www.umich.edu/~michmedj/mmj03.pdf
Title: [CANCER RESEARCH 63, 1454 –1457, April 1, 2003]
High Prevalence of BRAF Mutations in Thyroid Cancer: Genetic Evidence for Constitutive Activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF Signaling Pathway in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma1
Author: Edna T. Kimura, Marina N. Nikiforova, Zhaowen Zhu, Jeffrey A. Knauf, Yuri E. Nikiforov, and James A. Fagin2
Reference: [PDF-119K]Jun 2009 [CANCER RESEARCH 63, 1454–1457, April 1, 2003] Advances in Brief
Keywords:
Abstract: Thyroid papillary cancers (PTCs) are associated with activating mutations of genes coding for RET or TRK tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as of RAS genes. Activating mutations of BRAF were reported recently in most melanomas and a small proportion of colorectal tumors. Here we show that a somatic mutation of BRAF, V599E, is the most common genetic change in PTCs (28 of 78; 35.8%). BRAFV599E mutations were unique to PTCs, and not found in any of the other types of differentiated follicular neoplasms arising from the same cell type (0 of 46). Moreover, there was no overlap between PTC with RET/PTC, BRAF, or RAS mutations, which altogether were present in 66% of cases. The lack of concordance for these mutations was highly unlikely to be a chance occurrence. Because these signaling proteins function along the same pathway in thyroid cells, this represents a unique paradigm of human tumorigenesis through mutation of three signaling effectors lying in tandem.
…Ohio 45267 Abstract Thyroid papillary cancers…along the same pathway in thyroid cells, this represents…PTCs3 are the most common thyroid malignant tumor. Character…hallmark of this type of cancer. RET/PTC rearrangements…disasters such as the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident…
URL: http://path.upmc.edu/people/ynlab/Publication%20PDFs/Nikiforova2003CancerResearch.pdf
Title: Perceptions of the health impact of ChernobylUNSCEAR turns fiftyCommittee on Radioactive Waste Management needs stronger scientific input CoRWM completes technical assessment of nuclear waste options Power frequency EMFs, melatonin and the risk of breast cancer New reports on the HPA web-site
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 26 (1), p.111-117, Mar 2006
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/26/1/M01
Keywords:
Abstract: …nature of the Chernobyl Forum investigations…of exposure to Chernobyl radiation. Fifty-six…who developed thyroid cancer after drinking…areas, people with thyroid cancer and people resettled…children from Chernobyl, accusing me of…
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/26/1/M01/
Title: EXTERNAL RADIATION AND THYROID NEOPLASIA.
Author: Sarne, David / Schneider, Arthur B.
Reference: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 25 (1), p.181-195, Mar 1996
doi: 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70318-2
Keywords:
Abstract: ..facility accidents (Chernobyl) Ecological Occupational…review focuses on thyroid neoplasms following…aftermath of the Chernobyl accident discusses…use the phrase “thyroid neoplasms” to refer to thyroid cancer and benign thyroid…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889852905703182
Title: Microsoft Word – Malko2009English.doc History of radiation and nuclear disasters in the former USSR
Author: M.V.Malko
Reference: [PDF-198K]Feb 2011
Keywords:
Abstract: The report describes the history of radiation and nuclear accidents in the former USSR. These accidents accompanied development of military and civilian use of nuclear energy. Some of them as testing of the first Soviet nuclear, Kyshtym radiation accident, radiation contamination of the Karachai lake and the Techa river, nuclear accidents at the Soviet submarine on August 10, 1985 in the Chazhma Bay (near Vladivostok) as well as nuclear accidents on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl NPP were of large scale causing significant radiological problems for many hundreds thousands of people. There were a number of important reasons of these and other accidents. The most important among them were time pressure by development of nuclear weapon, an absence of required financial and material means for adequate management of problems of nuclear and radiation safety, and inadequate understanding of harmful interaction of ionizing radiation on organism as well as a hypersecrecy by realization of projects of military and civilian use of nuclear energy in the former USSR.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/en/Malko2009English.pdf
