Title: 95/00818 The Chernobyl papers. Volume 1: Doses to the Soviet population and early health effects studies
Author:
Reference: Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 36 (1), p.48, Jan 1995
doi: 10.1016/0140-6701(95)96073-2
Keywords:
Abstract: …the population after the Chernobyl accident; Biological dosimetry…syndrome in victims of the Chernobyl accident; and the Thyroid cancer in children of the Belarus Republic after the Chernobyl accident. 95/00819 Clean…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0140670195960732
Title: Chapter 78 – Effect of Lifelong Iodine Supplementation
Author: Berg, Gertrud / Nyström, Ernst
Reference: Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine, Jan 2009
ISBN:9780123741356
Keywords:
Abstract: This chapter describes the consequences of lifelong iodine supplementation concentrating on adults. The results of studies of various aspects of iodine metabolism and thyroid disease in Sweden have been summarized. Sweden has had iodine supplementation since 1936; thus, an adult in Sweden today has experienced lifelong exposure to iodine. The uptake of iodine in the thyroid gland is lower than in a Swedish population studied 45 years earlier, showing the long-term adaptation to an environment higher in iodine. These figures correspond to an intake of iodine of about 260 μg/day in 2000 compared to 100 μg/day in 1955. The prevalence of goiter is 7% in adults in western
Sweden, which is lower than in areas with low iodine intake. The prevalence of thyroid autoimmune disease may be slightly higher than in populations with a low iodine intake. Thyroid cancer incidence has been stable for the period 1971–2006. Intrathyroid iodine levels may vary in a population, which has been iodine-sufficient for a long period. Most of the studies were performed in the small community of Mölnlycke in western Sweden where the population studied consists of a fairly homogeneous group that has been stationary in the region.
…incidence of thyroid cancer rose from 2.6…promoting effect on thyroid cancer development after the Chernobyl accident ( Shakhtarin…Sweden after the Chernobyl accident. Nonetheless…been observed in thyroid cancer incidence among…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123741356000789
Title: Sixty years of follow-up of Hiroshima and Nagasaki survivors: Current progress in molecular epidemiology studies
Author: Nakachi, Kei / Hayashi, Tomonori / Hamatani, Kiyohiro / Eguchi, Hidetaka / Kusunoki, Yoichiro
Reference: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 659 (1-2), p.109-117, Jul 2008
doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2008.02.001
Keywords: Radiation; Atomic-bomb survivors; Somatic mutation; Oxidative stress; Colorectal carcinogenesis; Microsatellite instability; Thyroid carcinogenesis
Abstract: This article provides an overview of the on-going molecular epidemiology studies among atomic-bomb survivors conducted at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation in Japan. The focus is on: (a) inter-individual variations in sensitivity to radiation-induced somatic mutations (glycophorin A (GPA) mutations) and their potential relevance to differences in susceptibility to radiation-related cancers and (b) the role of specific mutations/rearrangements in radiation-induced thyroid and colorectal cancers. The glycophorin A mutant fractions showed large differences between the survivors at each of the estimated bone marrow doses. Of note is the finding at doses ≥1 Gy; that the slope of the mutant fraction was significantly higher in the ‘cancer group’ than in the ‘non-cancer group’. This study provided the basis for validating the use of γH2AX and reticulocyte micronucleus assays for evaluating radiosensitivity differences and genetic instability, respectively, in our studies in the coming years. Preliminary results from our molecular oncology studies on adult-onset papillary thyroid cancer provide evidence for the induction of RET/PTC rearrangements and BRAF point mutation (both known to be early stage events in adult-onset papillary thyroid cancer) but with a difference: cases associated with the rearrangements were more frequent at high doses, and developed sooner than those with BRAF mutation. In the case of colorectal cancer, the results suggest that radiation exposure might influence microsatellite instability (MSI) status through MSI-related epigenetic and genetic alterations—processes that might occur in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis.
…spontaneous thyroid cancer in the Japanese…variant papillary thyroid cancer was not found in…although this cancer has been frequently…observed among post-Chernobyl children. A major…event in papillary thyroid carcinogenesis is…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574208000318
Title:Chapter 100 – Use of 131-Iodine and the Risk of Radiation Exposure: Potential Hazards to the Patient and Other People
Author: Cappelen, Tone / Unhjem, Jan Frede
Reference: Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine, Jan 2009
ISBN:9780123741356
Keywords:
Abstract: For decades, 131I (radioiodine) has been used for the diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant conditions of the thyroid gland. The beta particles from 131I damage and destroy the thyroid partly or completely. Radiation from 131I has the potential to induce solid cancers and leukemia, but there is no firm evidence of increased cancer risk after a diagnostic scan or treatment for hyperthyroidism. A significantly increased risk of second primary malignancies has been reported with high cumulative activities of 131I. There is no evidence that treatment with 131I is associated with infertility in female patients or birth defects in subsequent children. Age at the time of such exposure is the most important factor that influences cancer risks. The thyroid gland of children is very sensitive to radiation, and special precautions should be taken in order to minimize external exposure and contamination of children and pregnant women. Some studies recommend that when 131I is given to parents of small children, persons other than the patient should take care of the children in the first days after treatment. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended occupational and public dose limits and dose constraints. The European Commission (EC) has suggested more detailed dose constraints for different categories of caregivers.
…children, thyroid cancer after radiation…accident in Chernobyl. There are…of thyroid cancer by external…131 I. The thyroid gland of children…1968 ). The Chernobyl accident has…radiation and thyroid cancer. It has become…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012374135600100X
Title: Rethink on Chernobyl
Author: Rich, Vera
Reference: The Lancet, 343 (8904), p.1032, Apr 1994
doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90149-X
Keywords:
Abstract: …Lancet NEWS Rethink on Chernobyl Vera Rich Belarus is preparing…of conta- mination from Chernobyl and the medical effects (such as thyroid cancer and . leukaemia) made…suggests that the aftermath of Chernobyl has developed into a political…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067369490149X
Title: 51 – Environmental Exposures and Cancer
Author: Moy, Eileen V. / Christiani, David C.
Reference: Women and Health, Jan 2000
ISBN:9780122881459
Keywords:
Abstract: …and the association between exposure and cancer occurrence appears to be dose-related…in documented increases in incidence of thyroid cancer or benign thyroid nodules [34,40]. The Chernobyl nuclear re- actor accident in the Ukraine…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780122881459500590
Title: Chernobyl in retrospect
Author: Young, Robert W.
Reference: Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 39 (1-3), p.27-IN4, Jan 1988
doi: 10.1016/0163-7258(88)90036-8
Keywords:
Abstract: …subsequently concentrated in the thyroid, which uses and stores iodine…high levels of 131I can cause thyroid cancer, benign thyroid tumors, and hypothyroidism…Accident Evacuated Pripyat 49,000 Chernobyl 12,000 30-km radius 74…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0163725888900368
Title: Chernobyl Tenth Anniversary: strategy for response, organisation, examples and results
Author: Malcolm C Grimston
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 17 (1), p.31-35, Mar 1997
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/17/1/005
Keywords:
Abstract: This paper describes the essential steps in setting up the Task Force; discusses the main elements of the strategy which emerged, including the Chernobyl Fact Sheets, the identification of credible third parties who could explain key issues with the media, and the secondment of a British press officer to the plant to coordinate international visits; and evaluates press response to the anniversary in comparison with previous anniversaries.
…example, that Chernobyl has already killed…clear increase in thyroid cancer incidence in Belarus…International Chernobyl Project, 1991; leukaemia and thyroid cancer; other heath problems…countries; ‘Chernobyl lamb.’ 9. Energy…
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/17/1/005/
Title: Chernobyl, Stress Effects of *
Author: Tænnessen, A. / Weisæth, L.
Reference: Encyclopedia of Stress, Jan 2007
ISBN:9780123739476
Keywords:
Abstract: The nuclear reactor accident in Chernobyl, Ukraine, on April 26, 1986, created acute, short-term and long-term effects both locally and farther away. The Chernobyl nuclear power plant (NPP) is located in the Kiev region of Ukraine. In contrast to the Three Mile Island accident in 1979, in which the release was contained, at Chernobyl there was an extremely large release of radioactivity into the environment because the design of the reactor did not provide for the additional safety containment. The radioactive fallout resulted in three main spots of contamination within the former Soviet Union. The far-field fallout depended on the meteorological conditions; the radioactive clouds first spread to Scandinavia, followed by the Balkans and then other parts of Europe. In contrast to previous experience with atomic bomb fallout, which tended to be homogeneous, the washout from the Chernobyl fallout plume resulted in very heterogeneous fallout. This made it difficult to predict the location and intensity of fallout radiation.
…Units 1–4 of the Chernobyl NPP while 268 staff…health impacts of Chernobyl that is currently…the prevalence of thyroid diseases, including cancer, in children in…by the senses. The Chernobyl NPP accident started…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123739476000763
Title: Estimating long-term health effects.
Author: Frank uon Hippel, Thomas B. Cochran
Reference: [PDF-2MB]Oct 2011 CHERNOBYL -THE EMERGING STORY-.
Keywords:
Abstract: .effects of the Chernobyl episode will…site during the Chernobyl accident – are…thousands of cancer deaths and generally less fatal thyroid tumors. These…the spread of thyroid inhalation doses…accident at the Chernobyl reactor. nobyl…increase the cancer rate in areas where…
URL: http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=5369685
