タグ「chromosome aberration」
Title: Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in Lithuanian populations: effects of occupational and environmental exposures
Author: J.R Lazutka, R Lekevičius, V Dedonyt, L Maciulevičiūt Gervers, J Mierauskien, S Rudaitien, G Slapšyt
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 445, Issue 2, 30 September 1999, Pages 225–239
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00128-X
Keywords: Chromosomal aberration; Sister-chromatid exchange; Exposure; Heavy metal; Organic and inorganic volatile substance; Ionizing radiation; Chernobyl accident
Abstract: Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in 175,229 cells from 1113 individuals, both unexposed and occupationally or environmentally exposed to heavy metals (mercury and lead), organic (styrene, formaldehyde, phenol and benzo(a)pyrene) and inorganic (sulfur and nitrogen oxides, hydrogen and ammonium fluorides) volatile substances and/or ionizing radiation was performed. In addition, 11,250 cells from 225 individuals were scored for the frequency of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE). Increased frequencies of CA were found in all occupationally exposed groups. A principal difference between the exposure to heavy metals and organic substances was found: increase in the CA frequency was dependent on duration of exposure to mercury but not dependent on duration of exposure to styrene, formaldehyde and phenol. A higher CA incidence was found in lymphocytes of children living in the vicinity of a plant manufacturing phosphate fertilizers. This indicates that children are a sensitive study group for the assessment of environmental exposure. However, the results of SCE analysis in these children were inconclusive. Exposure to ionizing radiation was found to cause chromosome breaks and chromatid exchanges in Chernobyl clean-up workers and chromatid breaks, chromatid exchanges, dicentric chromosomes and chromosome translocations in workers from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant. The increased frequency of chromatid exchanges in individuals exposed to ionizing radiation was quite unexpected. This may be attributed to the action of some unrecognized life-style or occupational factors, or to be a result of radiation-induced genomic instability. Also an increased SCE frequency was found in lymphocytes of Chernobyl clean-up workers.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138357189900128X
Title: Increased level of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes of Chernobyl liquidators 6–10 years after the accident
Author: Natalia Slozina, Elizaveta Neronova, Tatiana Kharchenko, Alexey Nikiforov
Reference: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 379, Issue 2, 6 October 1997, Pages 121–125
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(97)00113-9
Keywords: Chromosome aberration; Liquidator; Radiation; Micronucleus
Abstract: Chromosomal aberrations (CA) were used to investigate the level of cytogenetical damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the liquidators in a remote period (6–10 years) after the Chernobyl accident. There was a significantly higher frequency of chromosomal radiation markers (dicentrics and rings) in the peripheral lymphocytes of the liquidators than in the control subjects. No differences between these groups were demonstrated by the micronucleus (MN) test. Increased frequency of chromatid exchanges was associated with the smoking habits of the liquidators.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0027510797001139
Title: Human cytogenetic consequences of the Chernobyl accident
Author: V.A. Schevchenko, E.A. Akayeva, I.M. Yeliseyeva, T.V. Yelisova, E.L. Yofa, I.N. Nilova, A.B. Syomov,
W. Burkart
Reference: Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects, Volume 361, Issue 1, 26 September 1996, Pages 29–34
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1161(96)90226-5
Keywords: Chernobyl; Radiation effect; Lymphocyte; Chromosome aberration; Automated dicentric analysis
Abstract: The frequency of chromosomal aberrations was evaluated in more than 500 liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. The ‘sarcophagus’ builders and the dosimetrists showed the highest frequency of aberrations per 100 cells: 3.24 ± 0.25 and 3.11 ± 0.43. For Chernobyl Atomic Power Station staff members the mean frequencies of aberrations per 100 cells was 2.37 ± 0.20. The mean yields of aberrations in the other groups was between 1.31 and 1.47 per 100 cells. If the mean frequencies of aberrations are converted into equivalent whole body doses, values between 136 and 414 mGy are obtained. Especially in the group of ‘sarcophagus’ builders, the yields of aberrations varied interindividually and corresponded to equivalent whole body doses of up to about 2 Gy.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165116196902265
Title: Chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from persons exposed to radioactive fallout in Norway from the Chernobyl accident
Author: A. Brøgger, J.B. Reitan, P. Strand, I. Amundsen
Reference: Mutation Research 361 (1996) 73-79
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1161(96)90241-1
Keywords: Chromosome aberration; Chernobyl fallout; Radiation burden; Norwegian population
Abstract: Chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from two Norwegian populations (44 reindeer herding South samis from Røros and Snåsa, 12 sheep farmers from Valdres) exposed to fallout from the Chernobyl accident were made. The doses from caesium through the years 1987–1991 were calculated based on whole-body measurement of 134Cs and 137Cs giving a total cumulative mean internal dose of 5.54 mSv for the total group of 56 persons. Chromosome aberrations were within the normal range when compared with historical controls with the exception of dicentrics (0.3% per cell, which is a 10-fold increase) and rings (0.07% per cell). A dose-dependent increase in dicentrics and rings based on caesium exposure was not observed.
ＵＲＬ： http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165116196902411
Author: Geras’kin SA, Udalova AA, Dikareva NS, Mozolin EM, Chernonog EV, Prytkova IuS, Dikarev VG, Novikova TA.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2010
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803110040028
Keywords: plant, radioactivity, destruction of regularities, low level anthropogenic impact
Abstract: The findings from long-term field studies on biological effects in plant populations inhabiting radioactively contaminated territories contrast in levels and compositions of dose-forming radionuclides are presented. Plant populations developing under radioactive impact show enhanced frequencies of gene and chromosome mutations, and their reproductive potential is inferior to reference populations. Even relatively low levels of technogenic impact are able to increase genetic diversity and destroy regularities inherent for intact populations. Chronic radiation exposure from a certain level appears to be an ecological factor changing genetic structure of wild populations. Data presented indicate the presence of adaptation processes in plant populations in territories with technogenic impact. Under ecological stress, there are selection processes for resistance improvement in plant populations. But an appearance and rate of this process can essentially differ in dependence on radioecological conditions.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20968048
Author: Daev Evgeniy Vladislavovich, Dukelskaya Anna Vladimirovna, Kazarova Viktoriya Eduarovna
Reference: Gazette “ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ГЕНЕТИКА“ (Ecologic genetics), 2009
ISSN: 1811-0932
Keywords: chromosomal aberrations, polluted water, Asellus aquaticus, ionizing radiation
Abstract: Elevated frequency of chromosomal aberrations revealed by anatelophase method in ponds and lakes corresponds to higher degree of anthropogenic pressure. Data obtained are compared with the influence of low-dose of ionizing radiation. Validity of the model for estimation of pollution degree and its mutagenic influence risk for human being is discussed.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=12942922
Title: Genomic damage in children accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation: A review of the literature
Author: Fucic, A. / Brunborg, G. / Lasan, R. / Jezek, D. / Knudsen, L.E. / Merlo, D.F.
Reference: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 658 (1-2), p.111-123, Jan 2008
doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.11.003
Keywords: Child; Ionizing radiation; Environment; Chromosome aberration assay; Micronucleus assay; Chernobyl
Abstract: During the last decade, our knowledge of the mechanisms by which children respond to exposures to physical and chemical agents present in the environment, has significantly increased. Results of recent projects and programmes focused on children’s health underline a specific vulnerability of children to environmental genotoxicants. Environmental research on children predominantly investigates the health effects of air pollution while effects from radiation exposure deserve more attention. The main sources of knowledge on genome damage of children exposed to radiation are studies performed after the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident in 1986. The present review presents and discusses data collected from papers analyzing genome damage in children environmentally exposed to ionizing radiation. Overall, the evidence from the studies conducted following the Chernobyl accident, nuclear tests, environmental radiation pollution and indoor accidental contamination reveals consistently increased chromosome aberration and micronuclei frequency in exposed than in referent children.
Future research in this area should be focused on studies providing information on: (a) effects on children caused by low doses of radiation; (b) effects on children from combined exposure to low doses of radiation and chemical agents from food, water and air; and (c) specific effects from exposure during early childhood (radioisotopes from water, radon in homes). Special consideration should also be given to a possible impact of a radiochemical environment to the development of an adaptive response for genomic damage. Interactive databases should be developed to provide integration of cytogenetic data, childhood cancer registry data and information on environmental contamination. The overall aim is to introduce timely and efficient preventive measures, by means of a better knowledge of the early and delayed health effects in children resulting from radiation exposure.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574207000634
Title: Cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes of healthy and thyroid tumor-affected children from the Gomel region (Belarus)
Author: Roberto, Barale / Gemignani, Federica / Morizzo, Carmela / Lori, Adriana / Rossi, Annamaria / Antonelli, Alessandro / Di Pretoro, Giancarlo / (…) / Ballardin, Michela,
Reference: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 405 (1), p.89-95, Aug 1998
doi: 10.1016/S0027-5107(98)00118-3
Keywords: Chromosome aberration; Lymphocyte; Child; Thyroid tumor; Ionizing radiation; 137Cs; Chernobyl
Abstract: During 1994, 19 thyroid tumor-affected children and 17 healthy children from the Gomel region, one of the areas most polluted by the Chernobyl fallout, were analysed for (i) the presence of 137Cs in their urine and (ii) chromosome aberrations (CA) in circulating lymphocytes. They were compared with 35 healthy children from Pisa, Italy. Tumor-affected children showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher 137Cs levels in their urine as compared to healthy controls from the Gomel region. No radioactivity was found in urine from the Pisa controls. CA frequency was significantly higher in tumor-affected children compared to the Gomel controls, but was not significantly different between Gomel and Pisa controls. However, dicentric chromosomes were found in a significantly (p < 0.01) greater proportion in both affected and healthy Gomel children (3.4 and cells, respectively) as compared to the Pisa controls ( cells). Multiple regression analysis showed that the proportion of cells with acentric fragments, dicentric and ring chromosomes was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the amount of 137Cs excreted in their urine. These findings suggest that children from the Gomel region were still being exposed to radionuclides, which makes it possible to study a dose-effect relationship.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0027510798001183
Title: Molecular rearrangements in papillary thyroid carcinomas
Author: Zitzelsberger, Horst / Bauer, Verena / Thomas, Gerry / Unger, Kristian
Reference: Clinica Chimica Acta, 411 (5-6), p.301-308, Mar 2010
doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.11.028
Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Gene rearrangement; Chromosome aberrations; Genetic heterogeneity
Abstract: …post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas some researchers…radiation-associated thyroid carcinomas. However…contrast to the post-Chernobyl tumours, radiation-associated thyroid tumours either originated…in sporadic thyroid cancer in children [40…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0009898109006172
Title: Equal induction and persistence of chromosome aberrations involving chromosomes 1, 4 and 10 in thyroid cancer patients treated with radioactive iodine
Author: Puerto, S / Marcos, R / Ramı́rez, M.J / Galofré, P / Creus, A / Surrallés, J
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 469 (1), p.147-158, Aug 2000
doi: 10.1016/S1383-5718(00)00064-4
Keywords: Chromosome aberrations; Painting; Persistence; Radioactive iodine; Thyroid cancer
Abstract: …developing thyroid cancer [22,23…incidence of thyroid cancer has been reported…result of the Chernobyl nuclear power…radiation after the Chernobyl disaster and…bioaccumulation in the thyroid gland, it…in thyroid cancer. The uptake…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383571800000644
