Author: Loganovsky K., Antypchuk K., Kreinis G. et al.
Reference: 8th International LOWRAD Conference «The Effects of Low Doses and Very Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation on Human Health and Biotopes», 28–30 September 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. — P. 99.
URL: http://www.deepdyve.com/lp/elsevier/postradiation-cognitive-disorders-it6c4vl7R7/1
Author: Friedman H.R., Selemon L.D.
Reference: Biol. Psychiatry. — 2010. — Vol. 68, № 1. — P. 108–111
Keywords: early gestation exposure, schizophrenia, fetally irradiated macaque monkeys
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to x-irradiation in early gestation has been shown to disrupt normal thalamocortical development in the monkey and thereby model one key feature of the neuropathology of schizophrenia. However, the effect of fetal irradiation on cognitive functions that are vulnerable in schizophrenia (e.g., working memory) has not been examined.
METHODS: Four fetally irradiated macaque monkeys (FIMs) and four age-matched controls (CONs) were tested as juveniles (12-30 months) and again as adults ( approximately 5 years) on delayed spatial response (DR), a working memory task that is dependent on intact prefrontal cortical circuitry.
RESULTS: As juveniles, seven of eight monkeys learned DR; one FIM refused to test. Performance in the two groups was not different. As adults, only one FIM achieved criterion on DR. Three of four FIMs did not reach criterion at the 0-sec delay interval of the DR task, whereas all four CONs mastered DR at the maximum tested delay of 10 sec. FIMs completed fewer DR test sessions compared with CONs. In contrast, all FIMs and three of four CONs learned an associative memory task, visual pattern discrimination.
CONCLUSIONS: Fetal exposure to irradiation resulted in an adult-onset cognitive impairment in the working memory domain that is relevant to understanding the developmental etiology of schizophrenia.
Author: D. Marazziti, S. Baroni, M. Catena-Dell’Osso, et al.
Reference: Curr Med Chem. —2012. — Vol. 19, №12. — P. 1864–1869.
Keywords: cancer, non-cancer diseases, pathophysiology
Abstract: Radiation exposure leads to an increased risk for cancer and, possibly, additional ill-defined non-cancer risk, including atherosclerotic, cardiovascular, cerebro-vascular and neurodegenerative effects. Studies of brain irradiation in animals and humans provide evidence of apoptosis, neuro-inflammation, loss of oligo-dendrocytes precursors and myelin sheaths, and irreversible damage to the neural stem compartment with long-term impairment of adult neurogenesis. With the present paper we aim to present a comprehensive review on brain effects of radiation exposure, with a special focus on its impact on cognitive processes and psychological functions, as well as on their possible role in the pathophysiology of different psychiatric disorders.
Author: Andres-Mach M., Rola R., Fike J.R.
Reference: Cell Tissue Res. ― 2008. ― Vol. 331, № 1. ― P. 251–262.
Keywords: cognitive impairments, dentate subgranular zone
Abstract: Ionizing irradiation is an effective treatment for intracranial tumors but is limited by the potential adverse effects induced in surrounding normal brain. These effects can include cognitive impairments, and whereas the pathogenesis of such injury has not yet been definitively established, it may involve injury to the neurogenic cell population that exists in the dentate subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampus. Understanding the issues surrounding this topic could have a major impact in the management of specific sequelae associated with cranial irradiation. Although radiation is now becoming a useful tool in investigations into the biology of neurogenesis, the perspective of this review is directed more toward the potential relevance of studying radiation and the stem/precursor cell response.
Author: Zhavoronkova L. A., Lavrova T. P., Belostocky A. V., Kholodova N. B., Skoryatina I. G., Voronov V. P.
Reference: ЖУРНАЛ ВЫСШЕЙ НЕРВНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ИМ. И.П. ПАВЛОВА (Journal of higher nerbous activities named after I.P.Pavlov), 2006
Keywords: EEG, space-frequency parameter, cognitive performance
Abstract: Changes in frequency and space parameters of the EEG coherence evoked by cognitive performance were analyzed in 13 healthy subjects and participants of the Chernobyl clean-up. In healthy subjects, the EEG coherences in the alpha and beta frequency bands were significantly increased during arithmetic count and during visuospatial performance. Each test was characterized by regionally-specific features. Chernobyl patients demonstrated a global decrease in the EEG coherence predominantly in the alpha and beta frequency bands, especially in the frontal cortical areas. Patients with various pathological EEG patterns demonstrated specific impairment of EEG parameters. In patients with a “flat” EEG pattern, the EEG coherence predominantly decreased in the frontal associative areas, especially during arithmetic calculation. In patients with a “hypersynchronous” EEG pattern, the decrease in the EEG coherence was most pronounced in the parietal associative areas, especially during the visuospatial performance. The revealed impairments of the EEG coherence reactivity may be a reflection of disorders of the intracortical and corti-cosubcortical interaction and can result from the remote postradiation brain atrophy, especially, of cortical structures.
Features of the auditory cognitive evoked potentials in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. Report Ⅱ. Analysis of the late P300 component
Author: L.A. Zhavoronkova, A.P. Belostotsky, M.A. Kulikov et al.
Reference: Физиология человека (Human Physiology), 2010
Keywords: liquidator, higher mental function, latent period
Abstract: Oddball paradigm auditory analysis is implemented on 10 liquidators (average age: 50.5 ± 4.0) and 10 healthy individuals (47.0 ± 6.0). Neuropsychological examination revealed violations of higher mental functions in liquidators such as aspontaneity, exhaustion, decreased auditory-verbal and visual memory, and deficits of higher motor functions (skills).
Author: L.A. Zhavoronkova, A.P. Belostotsky, M.A. Kulikov et al.
Reference: Физиология человека (Human Physiology), 2010
Keywords: liquidator, auditory potential, latent period
Abstract: Analysis implemented on 10 liquidators and 10 healthy individuals. The auditory potentials of the liquidator were, in all aspects, inferior. Liquidators also show shorter latent period to all kinds of stimuli.