タグ「Low doses」
Title: Analysis of Blood Lymphocyte Subsets in Children Living around Chernobyl Exposed Long-Term to Low Doses of Cesium-137 and Various Doses of Iodine-131
Author: Eugene V. Vykhovanets, Victor P. Chernyshov, Igor I. Slukvin, Yury G. Antipkin, Alexander Vasyuk, and Valerey Colos
Reference: Radiation Research June 2000 : Vol. 153, Issue 6 (Jun 2000), pg(s) 760-772
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0760:AOBLSI]2.0.CO;2
Keywords : blood lymphocyte, children, low doses, cesium-137, iodine-131
Abstract: Epidemiological studies have found that children living around Chernobyl have rates of respiratory tract illness that are higher than those seen in the area before the Chernobyl accident. The present study investigates the possible effects of radiation exposure on the composition of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in children living around Chernobyl. Two hundred nineteen healthy children and children suffering from recurrent respiratory diseases aged 6–14 years who received both low doses of radiation to the whole body from 137Cs and various doses of radiation to the thyroid from 131I as fallout from the accident were assessed 5 (1991) and 8–10 years (1994–1996) after the accident. A total of 148 healthy children and children suffering from recurrent respiratory diseases living in noncontaminated areas were also evaluated as controls. Children with recurrent respiratory diseases who lived around Chernobyl had a significantly lower percentage of T cells and a higher percentage of NK cells compared to control children with recurrent respiratory diseases during the study period. In contrast to the findings in 1991, a significant decrease in the percentage of helper-inducer cells was observed in children with recurrent respiratory diseases in 1994–1996. In contrast to 1991, there is a positive correlation between the percentage of helper-inducer cells, the helper-inducer/cytotoxic-suppressor cell ratio, and the dose of radiation to the thyroid of healthy children from 131I in 1994–1996. There was a positive correlation between the dose of radiation to the thyroid from 131I and the percentage of helper-inducer cells in children with recurrent respiratory diseases 5 years (1991) after the accident. Further, the dose of radiation to the thyroid from 131I correlated negatively with the percentage of T and B cells and positively with the percentage of NK cells in children with recurrent respiratory diseases 8–10 years (1994–1996) after the accident. These results raise the possibility that long-term exposure to low doses of 137Cs may have altered the composition of the T-cell subsets and NK cells in children with recurrent respiratory diseases. The differences in the composition of the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets between healthy children and those with recurrent respiratory diseases may be attributed to long-term low-dose exposure of the whole body to radiation from 137Cs and exposure of the thyroid to radiation from 131I subsequent to the Chernobyl accident.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1667/0033-7587%282000%29153%5B0760%3AAOBLSI%5D2.0.CO%3B2?prevSearch=chernobyl%2Bobstetrics&searchHistoryKey=&queryHash=93d611a9bfec5beb1e2f82cb49cf110e
Title: Radioadaptive Response Following In Utero Low-Dose Irradiation
Author: Eric K. Howell, Sergey P. Gaschak, Kenneth D. W. Griffith and Brenda E. Rodgers
Reference: Radiation Research January 2013 : Vol. 179, Issue 1 (Jan 2013), pg(s) 29-37
DOI: 10.1667/RR3029.1
Keywords : In Utero, low-dose irradiation, DNA damage
Abstract: Acute radiation exposure is known to cause biological damage that leads to severe health effects. However, the effects and subsequent health implications of exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation exposures in utero. Pregnant laboratory mice (BALB/c) were exposed to low-dose Chernobyl radiation [10–13 mSv per day for 10 days] during organogenesis. The progeny were born and weaned in an uncontaminated laboratory, then were exposed to an acute radiation dose (2.4 Sv). Analysis of our end points (litter dynamics, DNA damage, bone marrow stem cell function, white blood cell counts and gene expression) suggests that a low-dose (100–130 mSv) in utero exposure to ionizing radiation is not deleterious to the offspring. Rather DNA damage, white blood cell levels, and gene expression results suggest a radioadaptive response was elicited for the in utero exposure with respect to the effects of the subsequent acute radiation exposure.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1667/RR3029.1?prevSearch=chernobyl&searchHistoryKey=&queryHash=f7283fdb5d57d03bfdb1eb17f03c59a5
Title: Dosimetry for a Study of Low-Dose Radiation Cataracts among Chernobyl Clean-up Workers
Author: V. V. Chumak, B. V. Worgul, Y. I. Kundiyev, N. M. Sergiyenko, P. M. Vitte, C. Medvedovsky, E. V. Bakhanova, A. K. Junk, O. Y. Kyrychenko, N. V. Musijachenko, S. V. Sholom, S. A. Shylo, O. P. Vitte, S. Xu, X. Xue, and R. E. Shore
Reference: Radiation Research 167(5):606-614. 2007
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR0302.1
Keywords : low-dose radiation, cataracts, clean-up workers, Ukraine
Abstract: A cohort of 8,607 Ukrainian Chernobyl clean-up workers during 1986–1987 was formed to study cataract formation after ionizing radiation exposure. Study eligibility required the availability of sufficient exposure information to permit the reconstruction of doses to the lens of the eye. Eligible groups included civilian workers, such as those who built the “sarcophagus” over the reactor, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Workers, and military reservists who were conscripted for clean-up work. Many of the official doses for workers were estimates, because only a minority wore radiation badges. For 106 military workers, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of extracted teeth were compared with the recorded doses as the basis to adjust the recorded γ-ray doses and provide estimates of uncertainties. Beta-particle doses to the lens were estimated with an algorithm devised to take into account the nature and location of Chernobyl work, time since the accident, and protective measures taken. A Monte Carlo routine generated 500 random estimates for each individual from the uncertainty distributions of the γ-ray dose and of the ratio of β-particle to γ-ray doses. The geometric mean of the 500 combined β-particle and γ-ray dose estimates for each individual was used in the data analyses. The median estimated lens dose for the cohort was 123 mGy, while 4.4% received >500 mGy.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1667/RR0302.1?prevSearch=chernobyl&searchHistoryKey=&queryHash=05c5bf600dfdc400aa01511958fb5e34
Title: ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF LOW DOSES OF IONIZING RADIATION ON HUMAN
Author: Petin V.G., Pronkevich M.D.
Reference: Radioation and Lisk 2012 vol.21 No.1
Keywords: Ionizing radiation, Low doses, cancer morbidity, radiation associated hormesis
Abstract: In the review we generalized and analyzed published experimental and epidemiological data on effects of low dose radiation on cancer incidence. It was shown that no increase in cancer incidence was observed in those resided under enhanced natural radiation. Japanese cohort of atomic bomb survivors, nuclear workers and cleanup workers of nuclear incidents. Moreover, in some cases lower cancer mortality as compared to the baseline mortality was observed. The most impressed data on the Taiwan cohort resided in radioactive apartments during 25 years were published. Cancer incidence in that population was 40 times lower than in the control group, at the same time accumulated doses were higher than in clean-up workers of the Chernobyl accident. Analyzed data demonstrate that exposure to low dose radiation reduces risk of cancer development. Possible mechanisms of beneficial action of low level radiation are discussed.
URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-deystviya-malyh-doz-ioniziruyuschego-izlucheniya-na-onkozabolevaemost-cheloveka
