タグ「river」
Author: E. K. Legin, Yu. I. Trifonov, M. L. Khokhlov, D. N. Suglobov, E. E. Legina, V. K. Legin
Reference: Gazette “Radiochemistry“, 2008
ISSN:
DOI: 10.1134/S1066362208010177
Keywords: strontium, decontamination, waterlogged soils, 90sr, 137cs, river
Abstract: Gleyzation-mediated leaching of radiostrontium from floodplain soils of the Krasnoyarsk Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC) activity zone [Atamanovskii Island (front part), Oseredysh Island (front part), and Berezovyi Island (rear part)] is studied with model systems. Leaching of radiostrontium from waterlogged soils is analyzed in terms of the model of anaerobic biosolubilization of gel films. The leaching of radiostrontium is found to correlate with that of iron, confirming the cosolubilization model. Addition of glucose (0.5%) as a stimulant for growth of iron-reducing microorganisms increases the dynamic coefficient of radiostrontium leaching, particularly in soils with lower organic matter content. The model experiments showed that the radiostrontium leaching rate from floodplain soil is higher by 2–3 orders of magnitude than that of radio-cesium, suggesting the possibility of escape of radiostrontium from the floodplain of the Yenisei River with the intrasoil runoff. This conclusion is supported by the experimental data on the 90Sr/137Cs ratio in the floodplain of the Yenisei River downstream of MCC (0.01–0.1).
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1066362208010177?LI=true#
Author: S. M. Vakulovskii, Ya. I. Gaziev, L. V. Kolesnikova, G. I. Petrenko, É. G. Tertyshnik, A. D. Uvarov
Reference: Kluwer Academic Publishers-Consultants Bureau, 2006
ISSN: 1063-4258
DOI: 10.1007/s10512-006-0052-1
Keywords: 137cs, 90sr, river, lake
Abstract: The dynamics of the radioactive contamination with 137Cs and 90Sr of the Besed’ and Iput’ rivers in 1987–2004 and the nondraining Lake Svyatoe on the Besed’ River and the slowly draining Lake Kozhanovskoe in 1992–2002 is prsented. Data on the contamination of the components and shorelines of reservoirs are presented. It is shown that the radioactive contamination of these rivers is decreasing; the present level of contamination is much lower than the intervention level. The radionuclide content in the nondraining and slowly draining lakes remains high. Specifically, the 137Cs concentration in the waters of Lake Svyatoe on the Besed’ River is at the intervention level, and the 137Cs concentration in the fish in Lake Kozhanovskoe is ten times higher than the established norms.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10512-006-0052-1#
Reference: РЖ 19И. ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, 2006
Keywords: Rivers and reservoirs, cesium, natural water, sediments, environmental pollution
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9801599
Author: Miroshnikov A. Yu.
Reference: Gazette “ГЕОЭКОЛОГИЯ, ИНЖЕНЕРНАЯ ГЕОЛОГИЯ, ГИДРОГЕОЛОГИЯ, ГЕОКРИОЛОГИЯ“ (Geoecology, engineering geology, hydrogeology, geocryology), 2012
ISSN: 0869-7803
DOI: 556.545
Keywords: sea, 137cs, bottom sediments, river, cesium, transfer
Abstract: The article presents the results of radiogeochemical studies carried out by IGEM RAS in the Kara Sea and the estuaries of Ob and Enisey rivers in 1995-2003, specifically on Akademik Boris Petrov research vessel. Based on the studies of circa 1500 samples of bottom sediments, obtained from 172 sea and rivers stations, 137Cs distribution map in the surface sediments was created. Four zones of radiocesium overactivity (> 15 Bk/kg) were identified: Novaya Zemlya Zone, Vaigach Zone, Ob Zone and Yenisei Zone. The allocated zones have different radiocesium concentration levels, as well as different infl ow sources, but all of them were generated under the influence of complex geochemical barriers. Based on the 47 sectioned cores of bottom sediments research, sampled in Ob Zone and Yenisei Zone overactivity zones, the distinct differences in vertical radiocesium distribution were identifi ed. It is evidenced that these differences are caused by oscillations of suspended silt discharge over the years, which are main transfer agents of radiocesium dissolvable and semi-dissolvable forms and doesn’t depend on sedimentation circumstances as well as on geochemical characteristics of depositing environment.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18152407
Title: Analysis of radionuclide wash-off from river basins
Author: Andreev I.I., Laikin A.I., Platovskikh Y.A.
Reference: Atomic Energy. 110(3), 2011:195-202.
ISSN: 0004-7163
Keywords: river, basin, decontamination, radionuclide migration
Abstract: Introduces the concept of the transfer of exchangeable and non-exchangeable forms of radionuclides into the basin and into the river. On this basis it proposes differential transport equation, allowing to find radionuclides in the soil and their entry into the river at uneven pollution of the basin. Based on measurement data, it determines time dependence of constant flushing of radionuclides.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=16369187
Title: Time-dependent behaviour of radiocaesium: A new method to compare the mobility of weapons test and Chernobyl derived fallout
Author: J.T Smith, R.T Clarke, R Saxén
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 49, Issue 1, May 2000, Pages 65-83
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(99)00088-0
Keywords: Radiocaesium; Kinetics; Chernobyl; Rivers; Mobility
Abstract: Environmental radiocaesium ( ) originates primarily from two sources, atmospheric nuclear weapons testing, and the Chernobyl accident. It has not, to our knowledge, previously been possible statistically to compare changes in the environmental mobility of from these two sources since the weapons test fallout varied in a complex manner over a number of years. A novel technique is presented for curve-fitting measurements with a time-dependent input function such as that for weapons test fallout. Different models were fitted to measurements of both pre- and post-Chernobyl activity concentrations in five major Finnish rivers. It was shown that there was no significant difference in the temporal changes in mobility from these two sources during the years after fallout. Transport parameters derived from weapons test measurements gave good predictions of the long-term contamination of these rivers by Chernobyl fallout. Changes in activity concentrations in rivers after Chernobyl have previously been shown to decline as a result of slow sorption to clay minerals in catchment soils. It is shown that weapons test fallout also exhibited this slow decline over time. Rates of decline in activity concentrations 10 years after fallout correspond to effective ecological half-lives (Teff) in the range 10–30 years. Removal of activity from the catchment was found to have no significant effect on the long-term decline in activity concentrations in these rivers.
Title: Accumulation and potential dissolution of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in river bottom sediment.
Author: Sanada, Yukihisa / Matsunaga, Takeshi / Yanase, Nobuyuki / Nagao, Seiya / Amano, Hikaru / Takada, Hideshige / Tkachenko, Yuri
Reference: Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine, 56 (5), p.751-760, May 2002
Keywords: radionuclides, river, 137Cs, 90Sr
Abstract: Areas contaminated with radionuclides from the Chernobyl nuclear accident have been identified in Pripyat River near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. The river bottom sediment cores contained 137Cs (10(5)-10(6) Bq/m2) within 0-30 cm depth, whose concentration is comparable to that in the ground soil in the vicinity of the nuclear power plant (the Exclusion Zone). The sediment cores also accumulated 90Sr (10(5) Bq/m2), (239,240)Pu (10(4) Bq/m2) and 241Am (10(4)Bq/m2) derived from the accident. Several nuclear fuel particles have been preserved at 20-25 cm depth that is the peak area of the concentrations of the radionuclides. These inventories in the bottom sediments were compared with those of the released radionuclides during the accident. An analysis using a selective sequential extraction technique was applied for the radionuclides in the sediments. Results suggest that the possibility of release of 137Cs and (293,240)Pu from the bottom sediment was low compared with 90Sr. The potential dissolution and subsequent transport of 90Sr from the river bottom sediment should be taken into account with respect to the long-term radiological influence on the aquatic environment.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11993951?dopt=Abstract
- Title: The mobility of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in a peatbog system within the catchment of the Pripyat River, Belarus
Author: A Kudelsky, Jim Smith, S Ovsiannikova and J Hilton
Reference: Elsevier, 1996
doi: 10.1016/0048-9697
Keywords: Pripyat,River,Soil, Belarus,137Cs
Abstract: The behaviour of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in a hydrologically isolated bog system in the catchment of the Pripyat river in Belarus was investigated. Measurements were made of 137Cs activities in the solids and pore waters of the bog soils, as well as the variability in activity in water draining from the bog. It was found that the radiocaesium activity of the pore water, and hence the measured distribution coefficient, Kd, was dependent upon the pressure at which the water was removed from the soil.
URL: http://www.mendeley.com/research/mobility-chernobyl-derived-137cs-peatbog-system-within-catchment-pripyat-river-belarus/
- Title: “Blind” testing of models for predicting the 90Sr activity concentration in river systems using post-Chernobyl monitoring data
Author: Sasina, N. V.; Smith, J. T.; Kudelsky, A. V.; Wright, S. M.
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 92 (2). 63-71.
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.09.007
Keywords: 90Sr, Model, Chernobyl, River, Pripyat, Weapons testing, Catchment, Runoff
Abstract: Two different models for predicting the time-dependent mobility of 90Sr in river systems have been evaluated using post-Chernobyl monitoring data for five large Belarusian rivers (Dnieper, Pripyat, Sozh, Besed and Iput) in the period between 1990 and 2004. The results of model predictions are shown to be in good agreement (within a factor of 5) with the measurements of 90Sr activity concentration in river waters over a long period of time after the accident.
URL: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/606/
