Title: [CANCER RESEARCH 63, 1454 –1457, April 1, 2003]
High Prevalence of BRAF Mutations in Thyroid Cancer: Genetic Evidence for Constitutive Activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF Signaling Pathway in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma1
Author: Edna T. Kimura, Marina N. Nikiforova, Zhaowen Zhu, Jeffrey A. Knauf, Yuri E. Nikiforov, and James A. Fagin2
Reference: [PDF-119K]Jun 2009 [CANCER RESEARCH 63, 1454–1457, April 1, 2003] Advances in Brief
Keywords:
Abstract: Thyroid papillary cancers (PTCs) are associated with activating mutations of genes coding for RET or TRK tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as of RAS genes. Activating mutations of BRAF were reported recently in most melanomas and a small proportion of colorectal tumors. Here we show that a somatic mutation of BRAF, V599E, is the most common genetic change in PTCs (28 of 78; 35.8%). BRAFV599E mutations were unique to PTCs, and not found in any of the other types of differentiated follicular neoplasms arising from the same cell type (0 of 46). Moreover, there was no overlap between PTC with RET/PTC, BRAF, or RAS mutations, which altogether were present in 66% of cases. The lack of concordance for these mutations was highly unlikely to be a chance occurrence. Because these signaling proteins function along the same pathway in thyroid cells, this represents a unique paradigm of human tumorigenesis through mutation of three signaling effectors lying in tandem.
…Ohio 45267 Abstract Thyroid papillary cancers…along the same pathway in thyroid cells, this represents…PTCs3 are the most common thyroid malignant tumor. Character…hallmark of this type of cancer. RET/PTC rearrangements…disasters such as the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident…
URL: http://path.upmc.edu/people/ynlab/Publication%20PDFs/Nikiforova2003CancerResearch.pdf
Title: Perceptions of the health impact of ChernobylUNSCEAR turns fiftyCommittee on Radioactive Waste Management needs stronger scientific input CoRWM completes technical assessment of nuclear waste options Power frequency EMFs, melatonin and the risk of breast cancer New reports on the HPA web-site
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 26 (1), p.111-117, Mar 2006
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/26/1/M01
Keywords:
Abstract: …nature of the Chernobyl Forum investigations…of exposure to Chernobyl radiation. Fifty-six…who developed thyroid cancer after drinking…areas, people with thyroid cancer and people resettled…children from Chernobyl, accusing me of…
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/26/1/M01/
Title: EXTERNAL RADIATION AND THYROID NEOPLASIA.
Author: Sarne, David / Schneider, Arthur B.
Reference: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 25 (1), p.181-195, Mar 1996
doi: 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70318-2
Keywords:
Abstract: ..facility accidents (Chernobyl) Ecological Occupational…review focuses on thyroid neoplasms following…aftermath of the Chernobyl accident discusses…use the phrase “thyroid neoplasms” to refer to thyroid cancer and benign thyroid…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889852905703182
Title: Microsoft Word – Malko2009English.doc History of radiation and nuclear disasters in the former USSR
Author: M.V.Malko
Reference: [PDF-198K]Feb 2011
Keywords:
Abstract: The report describes the history of radiation and nuclear accidents in the former USSR. These accidents accompanied development of military and civilian use of nuclear energy. Some of them as testing of the first Soviet nuclear, Kyshtym radiation accident, radiation contamination of the Karachai lake and the Techa river, nuclear accidents at the Soviet submarine on August 10, 1985 in the Chazhma Bay (near Vladivostok) as well as nuclear accidents on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl NPP were of large scale causing significant radiological problems for many hundreds thousands of people. There were a number of important reasons of these and other accidents. The most important among them were time pressure by development of nuclear weapon, an absence of required financial and material means for adequate management of problems of nuclear and radiation safety, and inadequate understanding of harmful interaction of ionizing radiation on organism as well as a hypersecrecy by realization of projects of military and civilian use of nuclear energy in the former USSR.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/en/Malko2009English.pdf
Title: SPECIAL REPORTS seen in the thyroid.
Author: Fred A. Mettler
Reference: [PDF-287K]Jul 2007 SPECIAL REPORTS: HEALTH EFFECTS
Keywords:
Abstract: …the 1996 Chernobyl Conference…cerns about thyroid problems…nodules, and cancer. In 1990…the 1996 Chernobyl Conference…increase in thyroid nodules…leukaemia and cancer. A 1990…related to thyroid cancer and leukaemia…International Chernobyl Project represented…
URL: http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Magazines/Bulletin/Bull383/38305893335.pdf
Title: Dose-Dependent Generation of RET/PTC in Human Thyroid Cells after in Vitro Exposure to -Radiation: A Model of Carcinogenic Chromosomal Rearrangement Induced by Ionizing Radiation.
Author: Christy M. Caudill, Zhaowen Zhu, Raffaele Ciampi, James R. Stringer, and Yuri E. Nikiforov
Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Genetics, University
Reference: [PDF-201K]Jun 2009 The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 90(4):2364–2369
doi: 10.1210/jc.2004-1811
Keywords:
Abstract: …countries (5, 6). The risk of thyroid cancer correlated with proximity to Chernobyl and thyroid dose and in some areas was found…radiation exposure. In this respect, thyroid cancer in children after the Chernobyl accident represents the most thoroughly…
URL: http://path.upmc.edu/people/ynlab/Publication%20PDFs/Zhu2005JournalofClincialEndoandMeta.pdf
Title: Radiation therapy in childhood cancer
Author: Ruble, Kathy / Kelly, Katherine Patterson
Reference: Seminars in Oncology Nursing, 15 (4), p.292-302, Nov 1999
doi: 10.1016/S0749-2081(99)80058-8
Keywords: childhood cancer,
Abstract: …FIGURE 1. Types of childhood cancer. Data from Gurney et al…nurses caring for children with cancer. In general, the degree of…is filled with reports from Chernobyl. Along a similar line, the…the treatment of child- hood cancer, more and more survivors are…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749208199800588
Title: Testable hypotheses for cancer risks near nuclear facilities
Author: Steve Wing
Reference: [PDF-41K]Aug 2011 Statement to the Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board of the National Academies
Keywords:
Abstract: …example, a child diagnosed with cancer at age 4 who lived near a nuclear…could help to improve a study of cancer in populations near nuclear facilities…for studies of radioiodine and thyroid cancer near Chernobyl and Hanford, WA.16, 17 Consideration…
URL: http://dels.nas.edu/resources/static-assets/nrsb/miscellaneous/Wing.pdf
Title: Medical management of the acute radiation syndrome
Author: López, Mario / Martín, Margarita
Reference: Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, 16 (4), p.138-146, Jul 2011
doi: 10.1016/j.rpor.2011.05.001
Keywords: Acute radiation syndrome; Radiation injury; Radiation exposure; Nuclear accident
Abstract: This review will focus on the clinical aspects of the ARS, using the European triage system (METREPOL) to evaluate the severity of radiation injury, and scoring groups of patients for the general and specific management of the syndrome.
…concentrations for miles around Chernobyl following the accident…Radioiodines are known from Chernobyl data to cause thyroid injury and to be carcinogenic…binding sites within the thyroid and inhibits incorporation…exposed population in Chernobyl. 6 Phases of acute…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1507136711000642
Title: Time-dependent behaviour of radiocaesium: A new method to compare the mobility of weapons test and Chernobyl derived fallout
Author: J.T Smith, R.T Clarke, R Saxén
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 49, Issue 1, May 2000, Pages 65-83
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(99)00088-0
Keywords: Radiocaesium; Kinetics; Chernobyl; Rivers; Mobility
Abstract: Environmental radiocaesium ( ) originates primarily from two sources, atmospheric nuclear weapons testing, and the Chernobyl accident. It has not, to our knowledge, previously been possible statistically to compare changes in the environmental mobility of from these two sources since the weapons test fallout varied in a complex manner over a number of years. A novel technique is presented for curve-fitting measurements with a time-dependent input function such as that for weapons test fallout. Different models were fitted to measurements of both pre- and post-Chernobyl activity concentrations in five major Finnish rivers. It was shown that there was no significant difference in the temporal changes in mobility from these two sources during the years after fallout. Transport parameters derived from weapons test measurements gave good predictions of the long-term contamination of these rivers by Chernobyl fallout. Changes in activity concentrations in rivers after Chernobyl have previously been shown to decline as a result of slow sorption to clay minerals in catchment soils. It is shown that weapons test fallout also exhibited this slow decline over time. Rates of decline in activity concentrations 10 years after fallout correspond to effective ecological half-lives (Teff) in the range 10–30 years. Removal of activity from the catchment was found to have no significant effect on the long-term decline in activity concentrations in these rivers.
