Title: Characteristics of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in particulate form in surface waters in the exclusion zone around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Author: Takeshi Matsunaga, Takashi Ueno, Hikaru Amano, Y Tkatchenko, A Kovalyov, Miki Watanabe, Yoshikazu Onuma
Reference: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Volume 35, Issues 1–3, 15 December 1998, Pages 101-113
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00601-X
Keywords: Chernobyl; Transuranic elements; Cs-137; Sr-90; Surface water body; Partitioning; Distribution ratio
Abstract: The distribution of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in river and lake water bodies at 6–40 km from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was studied. Current levels of radionuclides (Cesium-137, Strontium-90, Plutonium, Americium and Curium isotopes) in water bodies and their relation to the ground contamination are presented. The investigation of the radionuclide composition of aqueous and ground contamination revealed that radionuclides on suspended solids (particulate form) originate mainly from the erosion of the contaminated surface soil layer in the zone. Apparent distribution ratios between particulate and dissolved forms are compared to known distribution coefficients.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169772298001193
Title: I-129 and I-131 ground deposition densities are correlated in Belorussian settlements contaminated following the Chernobyl accident
Author: Masaharu Hoshi, Valery F Stepanenko, Yuri I Gavrilin, Yuri M Volkov, Irina K Makarenkova, Jun Takada, Valery E Shevchuk, Valery G Skvortsov, Dmitry V Petin, Elena K Iaskova, Alexey E Kondrashov, Alexander I Ivannikov, Nataly M Ermakova, Leonid N Chunikhin
Reference: International Congress Series, Volume 1234, May 2002, Pages 115-120
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00601-X
Keywords: Chernobyl accident; I-129; I-131; Thyroid dose
Abstract: Long-living I-129 is considered as the witness of short-living I-131 fallout following the Chernobyl accident. Data on I-129 deposition densities might help to estimate thyroid doses in population of many contaminated areas where information on the I-131 ground deposition density is unknown.
This pilot study aimed to investigate the correlations between I-129 ground deposition densities measured in 2000 and those of I-131 measured in 1986.
I-129 measurements were performed by iodine separation and registration of I-129 decays using beta-x coincidence. Soil samples were collected and I-129, Cs-137 ground deposition densities were measured in three contaminated raions of Belorussia (14 locations in 12 settlements). For 10 of 12 settlements, there were available data of I-131 and Cs-137 spectrometric measurements during the first weeks after the accident in 1986.
Results of I-129 and Cs-137 measurements in 2000 were used for the reconstruction of I-131/Cs-137 ratio. Comparisons of reconstructed I-131/Cs-137 ratios with the I-131/Cs-137 ratios obtained by direct measurements in 1986 showed good agreement: correlation coefficient was 0.69 and linear regression coefficient (±SD) was 2.36(±0.88). The study confirms the possibility to apply the data on I-129 ground deposition densities for further application to improve estimations of thyroid absorbed doses, which result from I-131 irradiation.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053151310100601X
Title: Mapping of 137Cs deposition over eastern France 16 years after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Philippe Renaud, Laurent Pourcelot, Jean-Michel Métivier, Marcel Morello
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 309, Issues 1–3, 20 June 2003, Pages 257-264
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00049-4,
Keywords: Chernobyl; 137Cs; Depositions mapping; France
Abstract: We observed the relationship between present-day 137Cs surface activity and the rainfall in May 1986 to establish a relevant map of 137Cs deposition over eastern France. This study was performed in an area of the lower Rhône valley where clayey soils are assumed to trap caesium efficiently. Based on the rainwater/airborne activity ratio deduced from this relationship, we verified that present-day activities, measured in clayey soils of this type, are relatively representative of the initial depositions. The interlocked contaminated areas of the resulting map can be related to rainfall occurrences, as is the case for all countries affected by the Chernobyl fallout. This map can be reasonably compared with those obtained for countries bordering France in terms of both activity levels and extent of homogeneous activity areas. Lastly, we demonstrate that it would not be possible to produce a coherent map of initial fallout by extending the campaign over the whole of the eastern territory based on present-day soil activity measurements alone. Hence, only the relationship between 137Cs deposition and the rainfall of the first week of May 1986 can be used to construct a map depicting the Chernobyl fallout over eastern France.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969703000494
Title: 137Cs distribution among annual rings of different tree species contaminated after the Chernobyl accident
Author: N.V Soukhova, S.V Fesenko, D Klein, S.I Spiridonov, N.I Sanzharova, P.M Badot
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 65, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 19-28
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(02)00061-9
Keywords: Chernobyl; Radioactivity; Radionuclides; Betula pendula; Pinus sylvestris; Radiocaesium; Tree rings; Radial distribution
Abstract: The distributions of 137Cs among annual rings of Pinus sylvestris and Betula pendula at four experimental sites located in the most contaminated areas in the Russian territory after the Chernobyl accident in 1986 were studied. Trees of different ages were sampled from four forest sites with different tree compositions and soil properties. The data analysis shows that 137Cs is very mobile in wood and the 1986 rings do not show the highest contamination. The difference between pine and birch in the pattern of radial 137Cs distribution can be satisfactorily explained by the difference in radial ray composition. 137Cs radial distribution in the wood can be described as the sum of two exponential functions for both species. The function parameters are height, age and species dependent. The distribution of 137Cs in birch wood reveals much more pronounced dependence on site characteristics and/or the age of trees than pines. The data obtained can be used to assess 137Cs content in wood.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X07000252
Title: Long-term investigations of radiocaesium activity concentrations in carp in North Croatia after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Zdenko Franić, Gordana Marović
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 94, Issue 2, May 2007, Pages 75-85
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.01.001
Keywords: Carp; Concentration factor; 137Cs; 134Cs; Chernobyl accident; Dose; Fish consumption
Abstract: Long-term investigations of radiocaesium activity concentrations in carp in the Republic of Croatia are presented. The radiocaesium levels in carp decreased exponentially and the effective ecological half-life of 137Cs was estimated to be about 1 year during 1987–2002 and 5 years during 1993–2005.
The observed 134Cs:137Cs activity ratio in carp was found to be similar to the ratio observed in other environmental samples.
The concentration factor for carp (wet weight) was estimated to be 128 ± 74 L kg−1, which is in reasonable agreement with model prediction based on K+ concentrations in water.
Estimated annual effective dose received by adult members of the Croatian population due to consumption of carp contaminated with 134Cs and 137Cs are small: per capita dose from this source during 1987–2005 was estimated to be 0.5 ± 0.2 μSv.
Due to minor freshwater fish consumption in Croatia and low radiocaesium activity concentrations in carp, it can be concluded that carp consumption was not a critical pathway for the transfer of radiocaesium from fallout to humans after the Chernobyl accident.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X07000252
Title: Distribution of pre- and post-Chernobyl radiocaesium with particle size fractions of soils
Author: Pasquale Spezzano
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 83, Issue 2, 2005, Pages 117-127
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2005.02.002
Keywords: Chernobyl fallout; Weapons fallout; Soil; Radiocaesium; Particle size distribution
Abstract: The association of radiocaesium with particle size fractions separated by sieving and settling from soils sampled eight years after the Chernobyl accident has been determined. The three size fractions were: 63 μm. 137Cs in the soil samples was associated essentially with the finer size fractions, which generally showed specific activities 3–5 times higher than the bulk samples.
Activity ratios of 134Cs/137Cs in the clay-sized fractions appear to be lower with respect to the corresponding values in bulk soil samples. This result indicates that some differences still exists in the particle size distribution between 137Cs originating from nuclear weapons, which has been in the soil for decades after fallout, and 137Cs coming from the Chernobyl accident, eight years after the deposition event. This behaviour could be related to “ageing” processes of radiocaesium in soils.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X05000548
Title: Strontium-90 concentrations in human teeth in South Ukraine, 5 years after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Y.D. Kulev, G.G. Polikarpov, E.V. Prigodey, P.A. Assimakopoulos
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 155, Issue 3, 28 October 1994, Pages 215-219
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90500-2
Keywords: Radiostrontium; Chernobyl accident; Human teeth
Abstract: Approximately 1000 human teeth, collected in South Ukraine, in 1990–1991, were measured for 90Sr concentration. The teeth were grouped into 18 samples according to the age and sex of the donors. Measured levels of 90Sr concentrations were lower by a factor of 10 than measurements taken in the mid-1960s and mid-1970s. An interesting feature of the data is a 3-fold enhancement of contamination levels in the 25–45 year-old age group of the male population. A possible explanation for this anomaly is that this age group contains a significant number of men who were mobilized immediately after the Chernobyl accident for clean-up operations within the 30-km zone around the damaged nuclear power plant.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969794905002
Author: M.P. Borovikova
Reference: Dissertation, Doctor of medical sciences, Obninsk, 2004
Keywords: leukemia, solid cancer, categorization, long term analyses
Abstract:
- The world’s first radiation accident after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant with the fallout over large areas of radionuclides of iodine and cesium, etc. (with a density of pollution in the Kaluga region up to 15 Ci/km2) was implemented at the district level of the Russian State Medical Dosimetry Registry scientifically grounded Specialized medical examination of the child population, for the analysis of individual and summary measures of health.
- Population analysisv was carried out in the Kaluga region and the calculation of attributable risk of stochastic effects. It is shown that the lifetime risk for thyroid cancer in children was 8.25, leukemia – 1.38 and 0.75 solid cancers per 100 patients.
- Scientifically proven lack of dependence of intense growth in overall incidence of newly diagnosed and individual classes in its structure from the value of the mean cumulative effective dose to the whole body for the first 10 years of living children in the contaminated areas of the Kaluga region.
- Based on analysis of the demographic-epidemiological and standardized intensive indicators of newly diagnosed disease, in the dynamics between 5 and 15 years, four risk groups are defined to follow-up with intact identification of possible long-term effects of low doses of radiation.
URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/analiz-meditsinskikh-posledstvii-katastrofy-na-chernobylskoi-aes-u-detei-kaluzhskoi-obl-dlya
Author: V.V. Tsepenko
Reference: Dissertation, candidate of biology, Obninsk, 2004
Keywords: chromosome aberrations, children, adolescents, frequency
Abstract:
1.1. Spontaneous level of chromosome aberrations in the culture of human lymphocytes. 1.1.1. The frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations in the controlled groups of children and adolescents. 1.1.2. The frequency of stable chromosome aberrations in the controlled groups of children and adolescents.
1.2. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in children and adolescents living in the contaminated areas. 1.2.1. The frequency of unstable chromosome aberrations. 1.2.2. The frequency of stable chromosome aberrations.
1.3. The frequency of stable and unstable chromosome aberrations in prenatally exposed children.
1.4. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in children and adolescents with a high dose of load and pathologies of the thyroid gland, living in the contaminated areas and exposed to iodine exposure as a result of the Chernobyl accident.
1.5. Multiaberrant cells. …
URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/dinamika-tsitogeneticheskikh-narushenii-u-detei-i-podrostkov-prozhivayushchikh-na-zagryaznen
Author: V.V. Kasheev
Reference: Dissertation, candidate of biology, Obninsk, 2009
Keywords: disease, mortality, liquidator
Abstract: In the analysis of the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) of the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, a significant increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer (SIR = 3.47, 95% CI: 2.80, 4.25) among liquidators, in relation to the age-standardized male population of the country, is identified. It is shown that the highest incidence rate of thyroid cancer (SIR = 6.62, 95% CI: 4.63, 9.09) are of the liquidators, who participated in the work of the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant between April and July in 1986. Statistically significant dependence of incidence of thyroid cancer among liquidators with external exposure dose is not identified. …
URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/radiatsionnye-riski-onkologicheskoi-zabolevaemosti-i-onkologicheskoi-smertnosti-sredi-uchast
