タグ「137Cs」
Author: L. G. Bondareva, A. Ya. Bolsunovskii
Reference: Radiochemistry, 2008
ISSN: 1608-3288
DOI: 10.1134/S1066362208050196
Keywords: bottom of river, 137cs, 60co, 152eu, 241am
Abstract: The speciation of artificial radionuclides 60Co, 137Cs, 152Eu, and 241Am in surface layers of bottom sediments of the Yenisei river, collected within the near zone of impact of the Mining and Chemical Combine (Rosatom), was studied. In these samples the radionuclides 60Co, 152Eu, and 241Am are mainly associated with fractions of humic and fulvic acids. The fraction of 152Eu associated with nonsilicate iron is approximately 92%. The migration capability of radionuclides collected near the Atamanovo settlement decreases in the order 152Eu > 241Am > 60Co > 137Cs. For samples collected near Bol’shoi Balchug settlement, this order is as follows: 152Eu ≈ 241Am > 60Co > 137Cs. The presence of radionuclide-bearing micro-particles in bottom sediments considerably complicates the distribution of radionuclides, in particular, of 241Am and 137Cs, among migration forms.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1066362208050196?LI=true#
Author: Belozerova E.A.
Reference: Gazette “СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ“ (contemporary issues on science and education), 2006
ISSN: 1817-6321
DOI:
Keywords: 238u, 232th, 235u, 40k, Chernobyl accident, 137cs, 90sr, river, lake
Abstract: Describes specifications of various radionuclides in various water bodies.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9910875
full dissertation available at: http://www.science-education.ru/pdf/2006/3/32.pdf
Title: The spatial variability of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs inventories in a small agricultural drainage basin in central Russia
Author: V.N. Golosov, D.E. Walling, A.V. Panin, E.D. Stukin, E.V. Kvasnikova, N.N. Ivanova
Reference: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 51, Issue 3, September 1999, Pages 341-352
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8043(99)00050-0
Keywords: Chernobyl; Radionuclides; Fallout; Caesium-137; Post-fallout redistribution
Abstract: Little information currently exists regarding the small-scale spatial variability of Chernobyl radiocaesium fallout and associated inventories. This contribution reports the results of a study of the variability of inventories within the 2.18-km2 Lapki balka catchment located near Tula in central Russia. The local area was characterized by inventories in excess of 200 kBq m−2 immediately after the Chernobyl accident and pre-existing bomb-derived inventories can be ignored in view of their very low magnitude. Field sampling and measurements included both collection of soil cores for subsequent laboratory analysis and in situ field measurements using a CORAD portable detector. The results obtained show evidence of a systematic south–north increase in the reference inventory across the basin, which must be taken into account when interpreting subsequent radiocaesium redistribution within the basin. Random spatial variability of inventories of a similar magnitude to that reported for bomb-derived fallout was also documented. The extent of random spatial variability varied between different geomorphological units. Maximum variability, with coefficients of variation up to 20%,was associated with areas of sediment accumulation within the balka bottoms. Substantial variability (cv. typically ca. 15%) was found within flat cultivated areas and undisturbed areas both on the interfluves and on the balka sides, all of which could serve as reference sites. Minimum variability (cv. typically ca. 12%) was associated with the cultivated slopes with no evidence of sediment accumulation.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804399000500
Title: The role of soil erosion and fluvial processes in the post-fallout redistribution of Chernobyl-derived caesium-137: a case study of the Lapki catchment, Central Russia
Author: A.V Panin, D.E Walling, V.N Golosov
Reference: Geomorphology, Volume 40, Issues 3–4, October 2001, Pages 185-204
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00043-5
Keywords: Chernobyl; Caesium-137; Redistribution; Fluvial processes; Sediment; Soil erosion; Deposition
Abstract: The central area of the Russian Plain received substantial amounts Cs-137 fallout as a result of the Chernobyl accident in 1986, with inventories exceeding 40 kBq m−2 in many of the areas close to Chernobyl. Concern over the longer-term fate of this contamination has focused attention on the need to predict the post-fallout redistribution of the radiocaesium and, thus, future changes in the spatial distribution of contamination in the landscape. Since radiocaesium reaching the land surface as fallout is rapidly and strongly adsorbed by soil and sediment particles, any attempt to predict its post-fallout redistribution must focus on erosion and sediment delivery processes and must rely heavily on a knowledge of the geomorphological processes involved. This paper reports a detailed investigation of post-fallout Cs-137 redistribution in the 2.18-km2 Lapki catchment in the Middle-Russian Upland, which has required consideration of soil erosion processes, sediment delivery pathways, sediment delivery ratios and sediment sinks. The time elapsed since the Chernobyl accident is currently insufficient to result in significant reduction of Cs-137 inventories in eroding areas, but areas of deposition on both the lower slopes and on the balka sides and bottoms are already marked by significant increases in Cs-137 inventories. The results obtained emphasise that any attempt to develop meaningful predictions of the longer-term redistribution of Chernobyl-derived Cs-137 fallout within the Russian Plain must be based on a sound and detailed understanding of the linkage between the slopes and the balka systems and the fate of sediment entering the balka systems.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X01000435
Title: Characteristics of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in particulate form in surface waters in the exclusion zone around the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Author: Takeshi Matsunaga, Takashi Ueno, Hikaru Amano, Y Tkatchenko, A Kovalyov, Miki Watanabe, Yoshikazu Onuma
Reference: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Volume 35, Issues 1–3, 15 December 1998, Pages 101-113
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00601-X
Keywords: Chernobyl; Transuranic elements; Cs-137; Sr-90; Surface water body; Partitioning; Distribution ratio
Abstract: The distribution of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in river and lake water bodies at 6–40 km from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant was studied. Current levels of radionuclides (Cesium-137, Strontium-90, Plutonium, Americium and Curium isotopes) in water bodies and their relation to the ground contamination are presented. The investigation of the radionuclide composition of aqueous and ground contamination revealed that radionuclides on suspended solids (particulate form) originate mainly from the erosion of the contaminated surface soil layer in the zone. Apparent distribution ratios between particulate and dissolved forms are compared to known distribution coefficients.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169772298001193
Title: Mapping of 137Cs deposition over eastern France 16 years after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Philippe Renaud, Laurent Pourcelot, Jean-Michel Métivier, Marcel Morello
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 309, Issues 1–3, 20 June 2003, Pages 257-264
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00049-4,
Keywords: Chernobyl; 137Cs; Depositions mapping; France
Abstract: We observed the relationship between present-day 137Cs surface activity and the rainfall in May 1986 to establish a relevant map of 137Cs deposition over eastern France. This study was performed in an area of the lower Rhône valley where clayey soils are assumed to trap caesium efficiently. Based on the rainwater/airborne activity ratio deduced from this relationship, we verified that present-day activities, measured in clayey soils of this type, are relatively representative of the initial depositions. The interlocked contaminated areas of the resulting map can be related to rainfall occurrences, as is the case for all countries affected by the Chernobyl fallout. This map can be reasonably compared with those obtained for countries bordering France in terms of both activity levels and extent of homogeneous activity areas. Lastly, we demonstrate that it would not be possible to produce a coherent map of initial fallout by extending the campaign over the whole of the eastern territory based on present-day soil activity measurements alone. Hence, only the relationship between 137Cs deposition and the rainfall of the first week of May 1986 can be used to construct a map depicting the Chernobyl fallout over eastern France.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969703000494
Title: Long-term investigations of radiocaesium activity concentrations in carp in North Croatia after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Zdenko Franić, Gordana Marović
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 94, Issue 2, May 2007, Pages 75-85
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.01.001
Keywords: Carp; Concentration factor; 137Cs; 134Cs; Chernobyl accident; Dose; Fish consumption
Abstract: Long-term investigations of radiocaesium activity concentrations in carp in the Republic of Croatia are presented. The radiocaesium levels in carp decreased exponentially and the effective ecological half-life of 137Cs was estimated to be about 1 year during 1987–2002 and 5 years during 1993–2005.
The observed 134Cs:137Cs activity ratio in carp was found to be similar to the ratio observed in other environmental samples.
The concentration factor for carp (wet weight) was estimated to be 128 ± 74 L kg−1, which is in reasonable agreement with model prediction based on K+ concentrations in water.
Estimated annual effective dose received by adult members of the Croatian population due to consumption of carp contaminated with 134Cs and 137Cs are small: per capita dose from this source during 1987–2005 was estimated to be 0.5 ± 0.2 μSv.
Due to minor freshwater fish consumption in Croatia and low radiocaesium activity concentrations in carp, it can be concluded that carp consumption was not a critical pathway for the transfer of radiocaesium from fallout to humans after the Chernobyl accident.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X07000252
Title: Pollution dynamics of 137CS in Kozhanovskoe Lake in post-Chernobyl period
Author: Vakulovsky S.M., Kolesnikova L.V., Tertyshnik E.G., Uvarov A.D.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2009
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803109020106
Keywords: lake, 137cs, contamination
Abstract: In the article dynamics of radio-contamination, after the Chernoby accident, of the low-flow Kozhanovkoe Lake, in Bryanskaya district, is obseved. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of 137Cs contamination Kozhanovskoe Lake in the post-Chernobyl period, the semi-empirical evaluation of the current contamination of the water body well coincides with the experimental ones. Obtains evaluation of integrated reserves of 137Cs in the main components of the lake: the water, sediment and aquatic vegetation in the period 2005-2007.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11919683
Title: Long-term dynamics of radioactive 90Sr and 137Cs contamination of small mammals in the Chernobyl zone
Author: Maklyuk Yu.A., Maksimenko A.M., Gashchak S.P., Bondarkov M.D., Chizhevskii I.V.
Reference: Russian Journal of Ecology, May 2007, Volume 38, Issue 3, pp 181-189
ISSN: 1067-4136
DOI: 10.1134/S106741360703006X
Keywords: small mammals, 137Cs, 90Sr, radionuclide accumulation
Abstract: Between 1986 and 1994, a decrease in nonalimentary 90Sr and 137Cs intake and changes in the accessibility of radionuclides in the soil-plant link of their cycle resulted in a 10-to 100-fold decrease in their specific activity (SA) in the bodies of small mammals inhabiting the Chernobyl zone, and a similar decrease was observed in the radionuclide transition factor (TF) in the soil-animal chain. Between 1995 and 2005, no consistent increase or decrease in SA or TF could be revealed against the background of a combined effect of different physicochemical and ecological factors. It is suggested that subsequent changes in the level of radioactive contamination of small mammals will generally reflect only the dynamics of physical 90Sr and 137Cs decay, but, nevertheless, seasonal and local variations in this level will be significant.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=14000068
Title: Prediction of vertical distribution of 137CS and 90SR in forest soils in Belarus
Author: Perevolotsky A.N., Perevolotskaya T.V.
Reference: Radiation Biology. Radioecology, (Russian: “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ“) 52(6), December 2012
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803112060082
Keywords: forecast, migration, 137Cs, 90Sr, specific activity, supply of radionuclides, distribution of radionuclides , quasi-factor, soil
Abstract: The article analyzes the distribution of 137cs and 90sr in vertical profile onto the soil of forest ecosystem, in Belorussia, in various conditions: content of moisture, composition of woody vegetation. Describes various types of vertical migration of radionuclides under the surface of soil.
URL: http://lekarius.ru/external/paper/36946
