Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Human Lymphocytes after Accidental Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Title: Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Human Lymphocytes after Accidental Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Author: Galina SNIGIRYOVA and Vladimir SHEVCHENKO

Reference: Russian Scientific Center of Roentgeno-Radiology, MOH RF, N.I. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS

Keywords: chromosomes, ionizing radiation, liquidators

Abstract: Analysis of the results of cytogenetic examination and reconstruction of irradiation doses by the frequency of chromosome aberrations in the liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl NPP accident.

URL：http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/kr79pdf/Snigiryova.pdf

Molecular Genetic Characterization of the Philadelphia Chromosome Detected in Reactor Personnel Highly Exposed to Radiation from the Chernobyl Accident

Title: Molecular Genetic Characterization of the Philadelphia Chromosome Detected in Reactor Personnel Highly Exposed to Radiation from the Chernobyl Accident

Author: Horst Zitzelsberger, Harald Hessel, Konstadinos Salassidis, Hans Mittermüller, Manfred Bauchinger

Reference: Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics, Volume 104, Issue 2, 15 July 1998, Pages 86–93

DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4608(97)00454-8

Keywords: chromosomes, liquidators

Abstract: Clonal del(22q) chromosome aberrations were coincidentally observed in highly exposed reactor personnel of the Chernobyl power plant accident in the course of retrospective biological dosimetry. These aberrant chromosomes were detected in PHA-stimulated cultures from peripheral blood after FPG staining and revealed a morphology similar to a Philadelphia chromosome. A rearrangement of the BCR gene on 22q11 could be confirmed in unstimulated peripheral blood by RFLP analysis from three of four del(22q) carrying cases. FISH analysis of the del(22q) carrying cases with BCR- and ABL-specific DNA probes additionally exhibited a BCR-ABL fusion in 5.2 to 9% of cells in unstimulated blood. Breakpoints within the BCR gene could be located either in the M-bcr or the m-bcr region and thus, a specific breakpoint region could not be detected in these four patients. Since typical clinical leukemic symptoms associated with the translocation (9;22)(q24;q11) could not be observed in these highly irradiated subjects (1.1 to 5.8 Gy), the role of this particular aberration in the development of a radiation-induced leukemia remains obscure.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165460897004548

The distribution of chromosome damage, non-reciprocal translocations and clonal aberrations in lymphocytes from Chernobyl clean-up workers

Title: The distribution of chromosome damage, non-reciprocal translocations and clonal aberrations in lymphocytes from Chernobyl clean-up workers

Author: Kirby L Johnson, Joginder Nath, Janice M Pluth, James D Tucker

Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 439, Issue 1, 2 February 1999, Pages 77–85

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00177-6

Keywords: Chernobyl; Chromosome translocation; Radiation; Clone

Abstract: In this paper we determined whether the frequencies of translocations and insertions are proportional to chromosome size in peripheral blood lymphocytes from Chernobyl nuclear accident clean-up workers and healthy unexposed control subjects. The frequency of aberrations among chromosomes 1, 2 and 4 in both groups was found to be significantly different from the distribution expected on the basis of chromosome size, although the difference was only marginally significant in controls. We also determined whether differences exist in aberration frequencies measured by two scoring systems: the classical method, where reciprocal exchanges are scored as one event, and PAINT, where each break junction is scored as a single event. The two scoring systems gave highly correlated results which yielded an interpretable arithmetic relationship between frequency measurements using the two systems. Approximately 34% of all translocations were observed to be non-reciprocal, and cells bearing clones of abnormal cells were observed in 6 of 198 subjects (3.0%). Our results demonstrate that clones of abnormal cells and the presence of non-reciprocal translocations contribute to the non-proportional distribution of radiation-induced and spontaneous cytogenetic damage.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383571898001776

Chromosome aberrations in inhabitants of Byelorussia: consequence of the Chernobyl accident

Title: Chromosome aberrations in inhabitants of Byelorussia: consequence of the Chernobyl accident

Author: L. Verschaeve, E.V. Domracheva, S.A. Kuznetsov and V.V. Nechai

Reference: Mutation Res., 287 (1993), pp. 253–259

Keywords: Chromosome analysis; Chernobyl, Belarus

Abstract: A cytogenetic analysis was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes from 35 persons belonging to the ‘general population’ of Gomel or its surroundings (Byelorussia). This region was heavily contaminated by the nuclear fall-out following the radiation accident at Chernobyl. An elevated frequency of chromosome aberrations was found in most of the subjects. The type and frequency of the aberrations revealed past and possibly present radiation exposure which could be ascribed to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear plant about 5 years prior to the analysis.

URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/002751079390018B/pdf?md5=4f0e1b750d191debe663fe3df6b88a86&pid=1-s2.0-002751079390018B-main.pdf

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a human thyroid cancercell line

Title: Molecular cytogenetic characterization of a human thyroid cancercell line

Author: Weier, Heinz-Ulrich G. / Tuton, Tiffany B. / Ito, Yuko / Chu, LisaW. / Lu, Chung-Mei / Baumgartner, Adolf / Zitzelsberger, Horst F. / Weier, Jingly F.
Reference: Cytogenetics and Genome Research; Journal Volume: 114; Related Information: Journal Publication Date: 2006

Keywords: Thyroid cancer, Chernobyl, radiation effects, cytogenetics, structural chromosome aberrations, fluorescence in situ hybridization, spectral karyotyping, chromosome

Abstract: The incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) increases significantly after exposure of the head and neck region to ionizing radiation, yet we know neither the steps involved in malignant transformation of thyroid epithelium nor the specific carcinogenic mode of action of radiation. Such increased tumor frequency became most evident in children after the 1986 nuclear accident in Chernobyl, Ukraine. …To study the etiology of radiation-induced thyroid cancer, we formed an international consortium to investigate chromosomal changes and altered gene expression in cases of post-Chernobyl chPTC. Our approach is based on karyotyping of primary cultures established from chPTC specimens, establishment of cell lines and studies of genotype-phenotype relationships through high resolution chromosome analysis, DNA/cDNA micro-array studies, and mouse xenografts that test for tumorigenicity….

URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/purl.cover.jsp?purl=/901816-6SPdNw/