Method for radioecological monitoring of tritium in the environment of industrial enterprises

Author: A.Z. Burnaev, I.A. Kashirin, A.G. Nikonorov, A.V. Panchenko, T.I. Paramonova, O.G. Polsky, V.A. Smirnov, A.I. Sobolev, T.S. Yakunina

Reference: Patent, 10.02.2004, Moscow patent holder: Moscow State Enterprise – Joint Environmental-Technological Research Center for the disposal of radioactive waste and the protection of the environment (SIA “Radon”)

Keywords: industrial territory, tritium, sampling, soil, water, snow

Abstract: Usage: for specialized facilities for radioactive waste management. Substance: : The method is applied for sampling of surface water, ground and underground waters, snow cover and soil in high security zones, health protection zones and surveillance zones of industrial enterprises. In addition, it carries a selection of control samples of soil and water from plots located outside the influence of the enterprise, not being subjected to contamination by tritium from other industry.

URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/222/2223517.html

BOND OF RADIONUCLIDES WITH THE COLLOID OF UNDERGROUND WATERS LOCATED WITHIN THE KARACHAI CONTAMINATION PLUME

Author: Novikov A.P., Kalmykov O.V., Myasoedov B.F., Ivanov I.A., Rovny S.I.

Reference: Gazette “ВОПРОСЫ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ“ (Issues on radiation safety), 2009

ISSN: 1816-9643

DOI:

Keywords: radionuclides, groundwater, colloids, migration

Abstract: Outcomes of the study are presented that concern bond strength of radionuclides with colloid particles of different sizes obtained from underground waters of the Karachai contamination plume. Using the method of photon-correlation spectroscopy, it was found out that the total content of colloid in deeper horizons is an order of magnitude higher than that in near-surface horizons. At that, an average particle radius also increases with depth. The main portion of Pu, Am, and Cm is bound with colloids (40-90 %). Portions of U and Np in the composition of colloid particles are smaller (2-20 %), and this fact determines their higher migration mobility in underground waters. An insignificant number of actinides is bond with large colloids with a size from 450 nm tо 200 nm. A significant part of actinides in water occurring at a depth of 40 m and deeper is in the fraction of colloid particles with a size from 200 nm tо 50 nm. In water of these horizons not more than 30 % of Pu and Am is bound with smaller size colloids (from 10 kDa tо 50 nm). As it gets closer to the surface, a number of actinides in the fraction of nano-particles (50 nm – 10 kDa) grows up to 50 %. Using the method of selective leaching, the bond strength of actinides with the colloid of underground waters from the Karachai contamination plume was investigated. Using the alpha-track analysis, it was shown that microdistribution of alpha-emitting radionuclides in the colloid is uniform. It was demonstrated that radionuclides, which are found in the colloid of underground waters sampled from three wells with various chemical composition, are in the forms that differ in the degree of their solubility. U and Np in colloid are bound only with highly soluble and mobile groups of compounds; these radionuclides were not identified in the sparingly soluble residue. While Pu and Am are, on the contrary, found in the colloid primarily in sparingly soluble forms. Am, to a greater extent, is bound with surface organo-metallic complexes. Pu was mainly found in the fraction of amorphous oxides.

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11991986

Association of radionuclides with the colloidal matter of underground waters taken from observation wells in the zone of impact of Lake Karachai (English available)

Author: Novikov, A. P.; Kalmykov, S. N.; Goryachenkova, T. A.; Kazinskaya, I. E.; Barsukova, K. V.; Lavrinovich, E. A.; Kuzovkina, E. V.; Myasoedov, B. F.

Reference: Gazette “Radiochemistry”, 2009

ISSN: 0033-8311

DOI:

Keywords: radioisotopes, lake, groundwater, radionuclide contamination 

Abstract: Associations of radionuclides with colloidal particles of various sizes, isolated from underground waters of the Lake Karachai contamination area, were studied. Analysis by photon correlation spectroscopy showed that the total content of colloidal matter in deeper horizons is higher by an order of magnitude than in near-surface horizons. The mean particle radius also increases with the depth. The major fraction of Pu, Am, and Cm is associated with colloids (40�90%). U and Np are associated with colloidal particles to a lesser extent (2�20%), which determines their higher migration mobility in underground waters. The amount of actinides associated with coarse colloidal particles of size from 450 to 200 nm is insignificant. A considerable fraction of actinides is in the deep-lying water (depth =40 m) is associated with colloidal particles of size from 200 to 50 nm. No more than 30% of Pu and Am in water of these horizons is associated with finer colloids (from 10 kDa to 50 nm). With approaching the surface, the amount of actinides in the fraction of nanometer-sized particles (50 nm-10 kDa) increases (to 50%).

URL: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/47128737/association-radionuclides-colloidal-matter-underground-waters-taken-from-observation-wells-zone-impact-lake-karachai

Radionuclides in ground waters from observation holes in the Shelter local area (probably English)

Author: Odintsov, A. A.; Khan, V. E.; Krasnov, V. A.; Pazukhin, E. M.

Reference: Gazette “Radiochemistry”, 2007

ISSN: 0033-8311

DOI: 621.039.542

Keywords: drinking water, contamination, water pollution, radioisotopes, ricer, lake

Abstract: The volume activity of 3H, 90Sr, 137Cs, 234U, 235U, 238U, 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am in ground waters from observation holes 1-G-6-G in the north section of the Shelter local area of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) was measured. The distribution of radionuclides in the suspension fractions of the ground waters was evaluated. The main contribution to the pollution of ground waters with uranium is due to natural uranium isotopes: 234,235,238U. The activity ratios of 238Pu, 239+240Pu, and 241Am in ground waters are similar to those in the spent fuel of 4th CNPP block.

URL: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/27081216/radionuclides-ground-waters-from-observation-holes-shelter-local-area

Radionuclides in groundwater fields “Karazhyra” (Kazakhstan)

Author: Klimova E.V.

Reference: Gazette “ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ В АПК.” (Ecological safety in agricultural sector), Moscow, 2003

ISSN: 1726-2211

DOI:

Keywords: groundwater, radionuclides, contamination of water, Kazakhstan

Abstract:

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=6576226

Radionuclides and heavy metals in groundwater of coal field “Karazhyra” (East Kazakhstan)

Author: Artamonova E.N.

Reference: Altai State University, 2004

ISSN:

Keywords: groundwater, coal field, radionuclides, migration, ecology

Abstract: Describes the migration of both natural and anthropogenic radionuclides, as well as heavy metals, in groundwater. 

URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/radionuklidy-i-tyazhelye-metally-v-podzemnykh-vodakh-ugolnogo-mestorozhdeniya-karazhyra-vost

On the influence of flooding on the distribution of 137CS and 90SR in forest ecosystems

Author: Perevolotskaya T.V., Bulavik I.M., Perevolotsky A.N.

Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2009

ISSN: 0869-8031

DOI: 10.1134/S0869803109030059

Keywords: 137cs, 90sr, ground water, phytomass

Abstract: The distribution of 137Cs and 90Sr in oak, pine and hornbeam stands at different levels of groundwater is analyzed. It is proven that the scale of migration of 137Cs and 90Sr in the vertical profile of the soils is determined by level of ground water in the experimental field: closer to the surface the ground water is found, the less radionuclides is contained on the surface of the soil, and vice versa. Coefficients are determined by “fast” and “slow” quasidiffusion of 137Cs and 90Sr. Description of the contribution of these components to the overall migration of radionuclide transport in the vertical profile of the soil. Coefficients of decreasing of 137Cs and increasing of 90Sr, for the element of overground phytomass by the decreasing of groundwater, is observed. 

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=12450575

90Sr migration to the geo-sphere from a waste burial in the Chernobyl exclusion zone

Title: 90Sr migration to the geo-sphere from a waste burial in the Chernobyl exclusion zone

Author: L Dewiere, D Bugai, C Grenier, V Kashparov, N Ahamdach

Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 74, Issues 1–3, 2004, Pages 139-150

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.019

Keywords: Chernobyl; Strontium-90; Fuel particles; Groundwater; Retardation; Sorption; Hydro-dispersion

Abstract: Results are presented from an ongoing field-scale experimental study (namely the Chernobyl Pilot Site project) aimed at characterization of processes controlling ⁹⁰Sr releases from a shallow trench containing nuclear fuel particles, and subsequent radionuclide transport in the underlying sandy aquifer at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant site. Microscopic analyses of waste material and leaching experiments have shown that 10–30% of the radioactive inventory is associated with chemically extra-stable Zr–U–O particles. The largest fraction of ⁹⁰Sr activity in the trench (≈30–60%) is currently associated with relatively slowly dissolving non-oxidized UO₂ matrix fuel particles. The ⁹⁰Sr migration velocity in the eolian sand aquifer is retarded by sorption to ≈9% of groundwater flow velocity (K_d ≈ 2 ml/g). The dispersivity values for non-reactive solute transport in the aquifer predicted by geostatistics (i.e. 0.8 6 cm) were confirmed by a natural gradient tracer test using ³⁶Cl. The observed negative correlation between hydraulic conductivity and K_d of aquifer sediments suggests that ⁹⁰Sr could be subjected to larger dispersion in the subsurface compared with ³⁶Cl.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X04000244