タグ「Ionizing radiation」
Title: Justification of remediation strategies in the long term after the Chernobyl accident
Author: S. Fesenko, P. Jacob, A. Ulanovsky, A. Chupov, I. Bogdevich, N. Sanzharova, V. Kashparov, A. Panov, Yu. Zhuchenka
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 119, May 2013, Pages 39-47
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.08.012
Keywords: Chernobyl accident; Caesium; Ionizing radiation; Radiation protection; Rehabilitation; Remediation
Abstract: Following the accident at the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl a number of different remedial actions were developed and implemented in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Recommendations on the application of countermeasures and remedial actions were published by the IAEA as “Guidelines for agricultural countermeasures following an accidental release of radionuclides” in 1994. Since then, new information on the behaviour of radionuclides in the environment and effectiveness of countermeasures in the long term has been obtained and reviewed by many projects, including the Chernobyl Forum. Additionally, new approaches to derive remediation strategies were developed and successfully implemented in the most affected countries. This paper describes a justification of the remediation strategies suggested for rehabilitation of the areas most affected by the Chernobyl accident based on this experience.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X10001992
Title: Genomic damage in children accidentally exposed to ionizing radiation: A review of the literature
Author: Fucic, A. / Brunborg, G. / Lasan, R. / Jezek, D. / Knudsen, L.E. / Merlo, D.F.
Reference: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 658 (1-2), p.111-123, Jan 2008
doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2007.11.003
Keywords: Child; Ionizing radiation; Environment; Chromosome aberration assay; Micronucleus assay; Chernobyl
Abstract: During the last decade, our knowledge of the mechanisms by which children respond to exposures to physical and chemical agents present in the environment, has significantly increased. Results of recent projects and programmes focused on children’s health underline a specific vulnerability of children to environmental genotoxicants. Environmental research on children predominantly investigates the health effects of air pollution while effects from radiation exposure deserve more attention. The main sources of knowledge on genome damage of children exposed to radiation are studies performed after the Chernobyl nuclear plant accident in 1986. The present review presents and discusses data collected from papers analyzing genome damage in children environmentally exposed to ionizing radiation. Overall, the evidence from the studies conducted following the Chernobyl accident, nuclear tests, environmental radiation pollution and indoor accidental contamination reveals consistently increased chromosome aberration and micronuclei frequency in exposed than in referent children.
Future research in this area should be focused on studies providing information on: (a) effects on children caused by low doses of radiation; (b) effects on children from combined exposure to low doses of radiation and chemical agents from food, water and air; and (c) specific effects from exposure during early childhood (radioisotopes from water, radon in homes). Special consideration should also be given to a possible impact of a radiochemical environment to the development of an adaptive response for genomic damage. Interactive databases should be developed to provide integration of cytogenetic data, childhood cancer registry data and information on environmental contamination. The overall aim is to introduce timely and efficient preventive measures, by means of a better knowledge of the early and delayed health effects in children resulting from radiation exposure.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574207000634
Title: Cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes of healthy and thyroid tumor-affected children from the Gomel region (Belarus)
Author: Roberto, Barale / Gemignani, Federica / Morizzo, Carmela / Lori, Adriana / Rossi, Annamaria / Antonelli, Alessandro / Di Pretoro, Giancarlo / (…) / Ballardin, Michela,
Reference: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 405 (1), p.89-95, Aug 1998
doi: 10.1016/S0027-5107(98)00118-3
Keywords: Chromosome aberration; Lymphocyte; Child; Thyroid tumor; Ionizing radiation; 137Cs; Chernobyl
Abstract: During 1994, 19 thyroid tumor-affected children and 17 healthy children from the Gomel region, one of the areas most polluted by the Chernobyl fallout, were analysed for (i) the presence of 137Cs in their urine and (ii) chromosome aberrations (CA) in circulating lymphocytes. They were compared with 35 healthy children from Pisa, Italy. Tumor-affected children showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher 137Cs levels in their urine as compared to healthy controls from the Gomel region. No radioactivity was found in urine from the Pisa controls. CA frequency was significantly higher in tumor-affected children compared to the Gomel controls, but was not significantly different between Gomel and Pisa controls. However, dicentric chromosomes were found in a significantly (p < 0.01) greater proportion in both affected and healthy Gomel children (3.4 and cells, respectively) as compared to the Pisa controls ( cells). Multiple regression analysis showed that the proportion of cells with acentric fragments, dicentric and ring chromosomes was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the amount of 137Cs excreted in their urine. These findings suggest that children from the Gomel region were still being exposed to radionuclides, which makes it possible to study a dose-effect relationship.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0027510798001183
Title: Carcinoma papilar tiroideo asociado a linfoma. A propósito de tres casos
Author: Villarroel Bajo, África / Álvarez Escolá, Cristina / Martín Vaquero, Pilar / Pallardo Sánchez, Luis Felipe
Reference: Endocrinología y Nutrición, 53 (9), p.565-568, Nov 2006
doi: 10.1016/S1575-0922(06)71149-4
Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Lymphoma; Ionizing radiation
Abstract: …Continuing occurrence of thyroid carcinoma after irradiation…benign neoplasms of the thyroid in patients treated for…Pallardo Sánchez LF. Cáncer de tiroides. Medicine…Robbins J. Lessons from Chernobyl: the event, the aftermath…political, social. Thyroid. 1997;7…
URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1575092206711494
Title: Reply to: Low prevalence of BRAF mutations in radiation-induced thyroid tumors in contrast to sporadic papillary carcinomas
Author: Lima, Jorge / Trovisco, Vítor / Soares, Paula / Máximo, Valdemar / Magalhães, João / Salvatore, Giuliana / Santoro, Massimo / (…) / Sobrinho-Simões, Manuel
Reference: Cancer Letters, 230 (1), p.149-150, Dec 2005
doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.10.053
Keywords: BRAF mutation; Thyroid cancer; Chernobyl; Ionizing radiation
Abstract: Our findings both support and extend those of Nikiforova et al. [M.N. Nikiforova, R. Ciampi, G. Salvatore, M. Santoro, M. Gandhi, J.A. Knauf, et al., Low prevalence of BRAF mutations in radiation-induced thyroid tumors in contrast to sporadic papillary carcinomas, Cancer Lett. 209 (2004) 1–6]: BRAF mutations are rare in childhood PTC, both in an irradiation setting and in sporadic tumors.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304383505000029
Title: Micronucleus frequency in Gomel (Belarus) children affected and not affected by thyroid cancer
Author: Zotti-Martelli, Laura / Migliore, Lucia / Panasiuk, Galina / Barale, Roberto
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 440 (1), p.35-43, Mar 1999
doi: 10.1016/S1383-5718(99)00012-1
Keywords: Human lymphocyte micronucleus assay; Thyroid cancer; Chernobyl accident; Ionizing radiation
Abstract: Cytogenetic monitoring was carried out on a group of children from Gomel (Belarus), one of the areas most severely affected by radioactive contamination following the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in 1986. We performed the micronucleus test (MN) in binucleated lymphocytes of 42 children (mean age: 11±2.34 years), 16 of whom were affected by thyroid gland tumor. Thirty healthy children living in Pisa (mean age: 14.96±2.17 years) were enrolled in the study as controls….
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383571899000121
Title: Radiation hazards in children – Lessons from Chernobyl, Three Mile Island and Fukushima
Author: Fushiki, Shinji
Reference: Brain and Development, 35 (3), p.220-227, Mar 2013
doi: 10.1016/j.braindev.2012.09.004
Keywords: Ionizing radiation; Health effects; Children; Developing brain; Nuclear power plant accident
Abstract: On March 11, 2011, Japan was hit by the Great East Japan Earthquake followed by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster. Firstly, this review focuses on what happened after the accidents at the Three Mile Island nuclear power station in 1979 and the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986, in terms of the effects of these incidents on health. The most critical issue when considering the effects of radiation on the health of children was the increase of thyroid cancer, as clearly demonstrated among people who were children or adolescence at the time of the Chernobyl accident….
URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0387760412002264
- Title: Bioindication-based comparison of anthropogenic pollution near a radioactive-waste processing facility and in the 30-km control area of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Author: Geras’kin, S. A. / Zimina, L. M. / Dikarev, V. G. / Dikareva, N. S. / Zimin, V. L. / Vasil’ev, D. V. / Blinova, L. D. / (…) / Nesterov, E. B.
Reference: Russian Journal of Ecology, 31 (4), p.274-277, Jul 2000
doi: 10.1007/BF02764060
Keywords: radioactive and chemical pollutants, ionizing radiation, biological test systems, chromosome aberrations, Pinus sylvestris
Abstract:
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02764060
