カテゴリー「contamination and decontamination」
Title: Preliminary evaluation of the impact of the Chernobyl radiological contamination on the frequency of central nervous system malformations in 18 regions of Europe
Reference: Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, Volume 2, Issue 3, pages 253–264, July 1988
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.1988.tb00216.x
Keywords: human breast milk; Iodine-131; radioiodine
Abstract: The teratological impact of radiological contamination from the Chernobyl accident was evaluated in relation to central nervous system and eye defects in 18 regional registries in nine countries of Western Europe. Six classes of anomaly were analysed: neural tube defects, arhinencephaly, microcephaly and brain reduction, hydrocephaly, anophthalmos and microphthalmos, and congenital cataract. Conceptions up to 31 August 1986 were grouped into two exposure cohorts. In cohort A the sensitive period of fetal development to radiation fell wholly or partly between 1 May and 30 June 1986. Cohort B included all cases exposed during their sensitive period on or after 1 May 1986. Observed frequencies of the six classes of anomaly in the exposed cohorts were compared with expected frequencies calculated from baseline rates for the period 1980–1985. The only significant increase was neural tube defects in Odense, Denmark (four cases observed in cohort A where 0.9 were expected). The results of the study do not show a general increase in the frequency of malformations in the countries of Western Europe. The evidence presented indicates that, in the regions studied, termination of pregnancies or invasive prenatal diagnostic examinations were not justified for women exposed during pregnancy.
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3016.1988.tb00216.x/abstract
Title: Atlas of cesium contamination of Europe after the Chernobyl accident
Reference: Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1998
Keywords: atlas, Europe, contamination
Abstract: The European committee and ministries of Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, which are responsible for the elimination of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, conducted a joint program to study the effects of the accident. The program was carried out during the 1992-1995 years, as part of a formal agreement between the European committee and the relevant Ministries of the three countries. One of the projects was devoted to the preparation of the Atlas fallout on the entire territory of Europe radioactive products emitted by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
URL: http://pripyat-city.ru/books/56-atlas-zagryazneniya-evropy-ceziem.html
Title: A tale of two forests: addressing postnuclear radiation at Chernobyl and Fukushima
Author: Winifred A. Bird and Jane Braxton Little
Reference: Environ Health Perspect. 2013 March; 121(3): a78–a85.
DOI: 10.1289/ehp.121-a78
Keywords: forest, Fukushima, Chernobyl
Abstract: To report this story, Jane Braxton Little traveled to Chernobyl, and Winifred A. Bird made numerous trips to the Fukushima area. For Little, whose Harvard MA is in Japanese cultural history, it was the Fukushima accident that sparked her interest in how radiation affects ecosystems and led to her first visit to Ukraine. Bird has been living in Japan and writing about natural resource issues since 2005; in July 2011 she reported for EHP on chemical contamination following the Tohoku tsunami and earthquake. Seeing the effects of the accidents firsthand and interviewing residents and cleanup workers on the ground deepened the partners’ understanding of the management issues and the underlying science.
URL: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3621180?pdf=render
Reference: Ministry of Emergency, Republic of Belorussia (department of liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl catastrophe)
Keywords: Gomel, Bretsk, contamination of land, medical consequences
Abstract: Topic: Contamination and zoning of the territories of Belorussia, medical consequences. According to the insufficient protecting measures, thyroid cancer incidents began to be detected from 1990, especially among children, in Belorussia, under the influence of radionuclide iodine. In comparison to the pre-accidental period, the incidence of thyroid cancer grew 33.6 times, in children, and 2.4-7 times in adults. The highest number of patients with thyroid cancer appeared in the inhabitants of the Gomel and Bretsk regions.
URL: http://www.chernobyl.gov.by/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=105&Itemid=54
Title: Prevention of health disorders in youth of premilitary age and inductees from the technologically-contaminated districts of the Bryansk region.
Author: Agafonova, Irina Vitalyevna
Reference: Moscow, 2008
Keywords: prevention, health disorders, youth of premilitary age, inductees, physical health, psychological health, technologically-polluted areas, Bryansk region
Abstract: Objective: ecological and hygienic substantiation of preventive measures, to strengthen the physical and psychological health of premilitary and military ages (inductees) under the impact of technological environment with ecological and social issues.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/profilaktika-narushenii-zdorovya-doprizyvnikov-i-prizyvnikov-iz-tekhnogenno-zagryaznennykh-r
Title: Analysis of radiational and chemical risks for the areas affected by accidents in the Southern Urals and Chernobyl
Author: Katkova, Margarita Nikolayevna
Reference: Obninsk, 2009
Keywords: cesium-137, strontium-90, radiation risk, chemical risk, accident in the Southern Urals (Chelyabinsk region, v.Novogorny), Chernobyl nuclear power plant, population
Abstract: The purpose of the research: analysis and evaluation of radiation and chemical risks to the population in the areas affected by the massive radiation accidents at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (south-west of the Bryansk region) and in the Southern Urals (Chelyabinsk region, p.Novogorny).
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/analiz-radiatsionnykh-i-khimicheskikh-riskov-dlya-territorii-podvergshikhsya-vozdeistviyu-av
Author: V.N. Epimakhov, M.C. Oleinik, S.V. Glushkov, T.V. Epimakhov
Reference: Patent, 05.05.2004, Sosnovyi Bor patent holder: State enterprise scientific-research centre of technology named after A.P. Aleksandrov
Keywords: liquid waste, neutralization, filter, ion exchange
Abstract: The invention relates to treatment of liquid radioactive wastes. For the current neutralizing method mechanical filter and ultrafilter is utilized. Subsequently conducted desalination through reverse osmosis filter, with advanced treatment on ion-exchange filters, with reagent treatment of spent ion-exchange resins, potassium ferrocyanide and cobalt salts. Then, the treated resin is used as sorption prefilter, in which waste treatment is conducted, before inputting it into the ion-exchange filter.
URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/226/2267176.html
Author: O.A. Kononenko, N.M. Sorokin
Reference: Patent, 29.12.2007, Moscow patent holder: O.A. Kononenko, N.M. Sorokin
Keywords: hand, skin, decontamination
Abstract: The invention can be used for disinfection of hand from domestic, oily and radioactive contamination. It does not require any auxiliary equipment. The solution used for disinfection contains the followings: vinyl alcohol copolymer, with vinyl acetate, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride and water in certain proportions.
URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/235/2359656.html
Author: A.I. Egorov, B.Ya. Galkin, R.I. Lyubets, V.Ya Mishin, V.K. Isupov, G.N. Popova
Reference: Patent, 10.07.2000, Gatchina patent holder: B.P. Konstantinov Institute of nuclear physics, St. Petersburg RAS, V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute
Keywords: zirconium, treatment, extraction, reactor
Abstract: The invention relates to retrieving of zirconium from shell of fuel elements and other parts, exposed to zirconium, of a nuclear reactor, providing also a method of treatment of zirconium before its reuse. The Method includes operations of dissolving alloy, zirconium extraction into an organic solvent, and re-extraction of the purified zirconium and its precipitation from aqueous phase. The operation is conducted under temperature of 100~130℃. The components of the solution are the following: HNO3: 300-800kg/m3, K2Zr (Hf) F6: 5-32 kg/m3, water.
URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/215/2152651.html
Author: A.K. Andrianov, B.A. Gusev, A.A. Efimov, V.V. Krivobokov
Reference: Patent, 27.07.2009, Sosnovyi Bor patent holder: State enterprise scientific-research centre of technology named after A.P. Aleksandrov
Keywords: lead coolants, decontamination
Abstract: The current invention relates to nuclear power engineering and can be used for treatment and decontamination of equipment, operating in lead coolants, and for refinement (neutralization) of liquid radioactive waste generated during its purification, concentration and solidification. After decontamination of equipment with solutions of acetic acid, containing oxygen, stochiometric quantity of orthophosphoric acid or sulfuric acid or excess of phosphoric acid is introduced into the solution of liquid waste; then, generated heterogeneous product is treated with heat treatment at a temperature of 100~120℃; acetic acid condensate is returned to the process of decontamination cycle, and the treatment salt concentrates, produced by heat treatment, is treated with traditional binders and phosphate curing agents.
URL: http://www.findpatent.ru/patent/239/2397558.html
