カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
- Title: 25 years after the Chernobyl power plant explosion: Management of nuclear wastes and radionuclide transfer in the environment
Author: Aquilina, L. / Matray, J.M. / Lancelot, J.
Reference: Applied Geochemistry, 27 (7), p.1291-1296, Jul 2012
doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2012.04.010
Keywords:
Abstract: The year 2011 was the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear accident (26 April, 1986). The explosion of nuclear reactor no. 4 from the RBMK nuclear power plant was the worst industrial nuclear accident and resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactive material from a nuclear reactor and adverse consequences for the public and the environment.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883292712001151
- Title: Long-term dynamics of Chernobyl 137 Cs in freshwater fish: quantifying the effect of body size and trophic level.
Author: Sundbom, Marcus; Meili, Markus; Andersson, Evert; Östlund, Mikael; Broberg, Anders
Reference: Journal of Applied Ecology. Apr2003, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p228-240. 13p.
doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00795.x.
Keywords: FISHES — Size; CESIUM; LAKE ecology; CHERNOBYL Nuclear Accident, Chornobyl, Ukraine, 1986
Abstract: Freshwater fish are a potentially important link in the transfer of radionuclides from polluted ecosystems to people. A pulsed contamination event such as the Chernobyl fallout in 1986 is a challenge to the prediction of radioactivity in biota, because activity concentrations of radionuclides can change dynamically among populations during an initial equilibration phase. This was demonstrated from time-series of 137 caesium (Cs) in fish from three Swedish lakes (1986–2000, eight species, > 7600 individuals). In addition, we used these data to test hypotheses about the influence of fish size and trophic level on the temporal patterns of 137 Cs.
URL:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00795.x/full
- Title: Ecophysiological determinants of the variation in 137Cs concentrations between and within lacustrine fish populations
Author: Marcus Sundbom and Markus Meili
Reference: Canadian Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences. Dec2005, Vol. 62 Issue 12, p2727-2739. 13p.
doi:
Keywords: *CHERNOBYL Nuclear Accident, Chornobyl, Ukraine, 1986*FISHES*FISH populations*CONTAMINATION (Technology)*BODY size*ECOLOGY*PISCIVOROUS fishes*SPECIES
Abstract: One decade after the Chernobyl fallout, the variability of 137Cs activity concentrations among fish within a Swedish lake was >20-fold based on 1361 individuals from seven species collected continually during 1996–1999. Of the total variability, 64% was due to differences between species but only 7% due to temporal variation, which was 1.3-fold for the whole community and 1.3- to 2-fold for population means. Contamination increased with body size (0.6- to 6-fold) and decreased with body condition in most species (1.3-fold). Body size and time together accounted for about half of the total variation within populations.
URL:http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9&sid=57dfcfa9-9a82-4dce-9a3d-6fbd6e156b29%40sessionmgr113&hid=123
- Title: The Chernobyl Disaster, Concern about the Environment, and Life Satisfaction
Author: Berger, Eva M.
Reference: Kyklos, Feb2010, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p1-8. 8p. 4
doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6435.2010.00457.x.
Keywords:
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster on satisfaction with life and on concern about the environment. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study and identifying the exogenous event through the exact date of occurance, I find that concern about the environment sharply increased immediately after the incident. However, there is no effect on individuals’ satisfaction with life in general. This suggests that, though people in Germany were aware of the severity of the incident, the concept of life satisfaction reflects a rather personal perspective on life.
URL:http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1536222
- Title: Special issue introduction. The Chernobyl Center for Nuclear Safety, Radioactive Waste and Radioecology
Author: Farfán EB.
Reference: Health Phys. 2011 Oct;101(4):336-7
doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e31822f9be5
Keywords:
Abstract:
URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21878758
- Title: The bovine tuberculosis burden in cattle herds in zones with low dose radiation pollution in Ukraine
Author: Richard Weller, Artem Skrypnyk, Andriy Zavgorodniy, Borys Stegniy, Anton Gerilovych, Oleksandr Kutsan, Svitlana Pozmogova and Svitlana Sapko
Reference: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale, 2009
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: The authors describe a study of the tuberculosis (TB) incidence in cattle exposed to low doses of radiation resulting from the Chernobyl (pronounced ‘Chornobyl’ in Ukrainian) nuclear plant catastrophe in 1986. The purpose of the study was to determine if ionising radiation influences the number of outbreaks of bovine TB and their severity on farms in the Kyiv, Cherkasy and Chernigiv regions of Ukraine. These farms are all located within a 200 km radius of Chernobyl and have had low-dose radiation pollution.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20391374
- Title: Application of potassium chloride to a Chernobyl contaminated lake: modelling the dynamics of radiocaesium in an aquatic ecosystem and decontamination of fish
Author: Jim Smith, A Kudelsky, I Ryabov, R Hadderingh and A Bulgakov
Reference: Elsevier, 2003
doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697
Keywords:
Abstract: This study tests a whole-lake experiment to reduce the bioaccumulation of radiocaesium (137Cs) in fish in lakes contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. In many lakes in the Chernobyl contaminated areas, radiocaesium activity concentrations in fish are still significantly higher (up to 100 times in some species) than acceptable limits for human consumption. Estimates of the long-term rate of decline of 137Cs in fish in these regions, in the absence of countermeasures, show that radioactivity in fish in some lakes may remain above acceptable consumption limits for a further 50-100 years from the present date.
URL: http://eprints.port.ac.uk/135/
- Title: Radiocaesium concentration factors of Chernobyl contaminated fish: a study of the influence of potassium and blind testing of a previously developed model
Author: Jim Smith, A Kudelsky, I Ryabov and R Hadderingh
Reference: Elsevier, 2000
doi: 10.1016/S0265-931X
Keywords:
Abstract: The radiocaesium concentration factors (CF) of different fish species in 10 lakes in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine were measured between 6 and 11 yr after the Chernobyl accident. Clear inverse relations were observed between fish CF and lakewater K+ concentration. Perch (a predatory species) had CFs which were two times higher than non-predatory fish. No differences in CFs were observed between different species of non-predatory fish. An empirical model for the prediction of radiocaesium CFs in fish (Rowan & Rasmussen, 1994) was blind-tested against our measurements. The model predictions, based on measurements of K+ and suspended solids concentrations in the lakewater, were in good agreement with measured values. Our observations, however, implied a stronger effect of K+ on CF than that used in the Rowan and Rasmussen (1994) model. Further improvements in models could also be made by accounting for the effect of fish size on CF.
URL: http://eprints.port.ac.uk/136/
- Title: The mobility of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in a peatbog system within the catchment of the Pripyat River, Belarus
Author: A Kudelsky, Jim Smith, S Ovsiannikova and J Hilton
Reference: Elsevier, 1996
doi: 10.1016/0048-9697
Keywords: Pripyat,River,Soil, Belarus,137Cs
Abstract: The behaviour of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in a hydrologically isolated bog system in the catchment of the Pripyat river in Belarus was investigated. Measurements were made of 137Cs activities in the solids and pore waters of the bog soils, as well as the variability in activity in water draining from the bog. It was found that the radiocaesium activity of the pore water, and hence the measured distribution coefficient, Kd, was dependent upon the pressure at which the water was removed from the soil.
URL: http://www.mendeley.com/research/mobility-chernobyl-derived-137cs-peatbog-system-within-catchment-pripyat-river-belarus/
- Title: Blind testing of models for predicting the 90Sr activity concentration in river systems using post-Chernobyl monitoring data
Author: Jim Smith, N Sasina, A Kudelsky and S Wright
Reference: University of Portsmouth, 2007
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2006.09.007
Keywords:
Abstract: Two different models for predicting the time-dependent mobility of 90Sr in river systems have been evaluated using post-Chernobyl monitoring data for five large Belarusian rivers (Dnieper, Pripyat, Sozh, Besed and Iput) in the period between 1990 and 2004. The results of model predictions are shown to be in good agreement (within a factor of 5) with the measurements of 90Sr activity concentration in river waters over a long period of time after the accident.
URL: http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/606/
