カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
- Title: [Radio-ecological and hygienic assessment of consequences of forest fires in the areas polluted during the Chernobyl accident].
Author: Kashparov, V A / Lundin, S M / Kadygrib, A M / Protsak, V P / Levchuk, S E / Ioshchenko, V I / Kashpur, V A / Talerko, N N
Reference: Gigiena i sanitariia, (1), p.30-35, Jan 2001
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: Retransfer of radionuclides on the condensation trails of Chernobyl radioactive fallouts during forest fires has been experimentally evaluated and their mathematical transfer model verified. It has been shown that radionuclide retransfer will make no great impact on additional pollution of an area even under the most unfavourable conditions. The contribution of convective and non-convective components of transfer to the formation of a radioactive aerosol concentration field has been assessed. Time course of changes in the concentration of radioactive aerosol and its dispersive composition are shown in different phases of fire and at different distance from its source.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11236471?dopt=Abstract
- Title: Predicting the radiation exposure of terrestrial wildlife in the Chernobyl exclusion zone: an international comparison of approaches.
Author: Beresford, N A / Barnett, C L / Brown, J E / Cheng, J-J / Copplestone, D / Gaschak, S / Hosseini, A / (…) / Yu, C
Reference: Journal of radiological protection: official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection, 30 (2), p.341-373, Jun 2010
doi: 10.1007/s10512-006-0081-9
Keywords:
Abstract: There is now general acknowledgement that there is a requirement to demonstrate that species other than humans are protected from anthropogenic releases of radioactivity. A number of approaches have been developed for estimating the exposure of wildlife and some of these are being used to conduct regulatory assessments.
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/30/2/S07/
- Title: Aerosol emissions from the destroyed power-generating unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 and 2003–2005
Author: Ogorodnikov, B. I. / Budyka, A. K. / Pazukhin, É. M. / Krasnov, V. A.
Reference: Atomic Energy, 100 (4), p.264-270, Apr 2006
doi: 10.1007/s10512-006-0081-9
Keywords:
Abstract: The results of measurements of the volume activity and dispersity of aerosol carriers of β-emitting radionuclides during the acute phase of the accident and 20 years later are presented.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10512-006-0081-9
- Title: Microorganisms associated with feathers of barn swallows in radioactively contaminated areas around chernobyl.
Author: Czirják, Gábor Arpád / Møller, Anders Pape / Mousseau, Timothy A / Heeb, Philipp
Reference: Microbial ecology, 60 (2), p.373-380, Aug 2010
doi: 10.1007/s00248-010-9716-4
Keywords:
Abstract: The Chernobyl catastrophe provides a rare opportunity to study the ecological and evolutionary consequences of low-level, environmental radiation on living organisms. Despite some recent studies about negative effects of environmental radiation on macroorganisms, there is little knowledge about the effect of radioactive contamination on diversity and abundance of microorganisms. We examined abundance patterns of total cultivable bacteria and fungi and the abundance of feather-degrading bacterial subset present on feathers of barn swallows (Hirundo rustica), a colonial migratory passerine, around Chernobyl in relation to levels of ground level environmental radiation.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20640571?dopt=Abstract
Author: Brisbin, I.L., Jr. / Dallas, C.E.
Reference: Encyclopedia of Ecology, Jan 2008
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-008045405-4.00632-7
Keywords: Atomic energy; Biomagnification; Chernobyl; Ecotoxicology; Food webs; Nuclear power; Radiation; Radioactive isotopes; Radiocesium; Radioecology
Abstract: The field of radioecology deals with the fate and effects of radioactive contaminants in the environment. It relies upon and contributes to the principles of both radiation biology and basic ecology and is a special case of the more general field of environmental toxicology. Effects studies deal with populations, communities, and ecosystems and have involved the establishment of radiation sources within a variety of natural vegetation communities.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080454054006327
- Title: Exopolysaccharide production by nitrogen-fixing bacteria within nodules of Medicago plants exposed to chronic radiation in the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Author: Pawlicki-Jullian, Nathalie / Courtois, Bernard / Pillon, Michelle / Lesur, David / Le Flèche-Mateos, Anne / Laberche, Jean-Claude / Goncharova, Nadia / Courtois, Josiane
Reference: Research in Microbiology, 161 (2), p.101-108, Mar 2010
doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.12.009
Keywords: Chernobyl exclusion zone; Exopolysaccharides; Nitrogen-fixing bacteria; Enterobacteriaceae; Medicago; Diversity
Abstract: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from root nodules of Medicago plants growing in the 10 km zone around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant were screened for the production of new water-soluble acidic exopolysaccharides (EPSs).
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923250810000045
Title: Cesium accumulation by fish following acute input to lakes: a comparison of experimental and Chernobyl-impacted systems
Author:Pinder J E 3rd, Hinton T G, Whicker F W, Smith J T
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 100 (6), p.456-467, Jun 2009
doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.03.004
Keywords:137Cs;133Cs;Fish;Uptake rates;Loss rates;Maximum concentrations;Pond 4;Chernobyl
Abstract: An uptake parameter u (L kg−1 d−1) and a loss rate parameter k (d−1) were estimated for the patterns of accumulation and loss of 133Cs by three fish species following an experimental 133Cs addition into a pond in South Carolina, USA. These u and k parameters were compared to similar estimates for fish from other experimental ponds and from lakes that received 137Cs deposition from Chernobyl. The maximum Cs concentrations in fish were largely determined by initial Cs concentrations in the water column. These maximum concentrations in fish and the times required to reach these maxima are potentially useful indicators for assessments of risks to humans from fish consumption.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X09000411
- Title: WIT’s World Ecology Report – Vol. 08, Special Focus: Nuclear Tragedy: The Medical, Political and Technological Implications of Chernobyl Ten Years Later
Reference: WIT’s World Ecology Report – Vol. 08, No. 1 – Critical Issues in Health and the Environment (WIT, 1996, 16 pages)
URL:http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d-00000-00—off-0envl–00-0—-0-10-0—0—0direct-10—4——-0-1l–11-en-50—20-about—00-0-1-00—4—-0-0-11-1-0utfZz-8-00&a=d&c=envl&cl=CL3.37&d=HASH13c5031dec9647ce88eff8.2
Title: Ecological lessons from the Chernobyl accident
Author: Bell, J N B / Shaw, G
Reference: Environment international, 31 (6), p.771-777, Aug 2005
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.05.026
Keywords: Chernobyl; Radiocaesium; Illite; Peat; Transfer factors; Vegetation; Upland UK ecosystems; Sheep; Radioactive contamination
Abstract: The Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 not only caused serious ecological problems in both the Ukraine and Belarus, which continue to the present day, but also contaminated a large part of the higher latitudes of the northern hemisphere. In this paper an overview is given of the latter problems in upland UK, where ecological problems still remain some 17 years after initial contamination.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16005971?dopt=Abstract
