カテゴリー「ecology・environment」
Title: Strontium-90 concentrations in human teeth in South Ukraine, 5 years after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Y.D. Kulev, G.G. Polikarpov, E.V. Prigodey, P.A. Assimakopoulos
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 155, Issue 3, 28 October 1994, Pages 215-219
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90500-2
Keywords: Radiostrontium; Chernobyl accident; Human teeth
Abstract: Approximately 1000 human teeth, collected in South Ukraine, in 1990–1991, were measured for 90Sr concentration. The teeth were grouped into 18 samples according to the age and sex of the donors. Measured levels of 90Sr concentrations were lower by a factor of 10 than measurements taken in the mid-1960s and mid-1970s. An interesting feature of the data is a 3-fold enhancement of contamination levels in the 25–45 year-old age group of the male population. A possible explanation for this anomaly is that this age group contains a significant number of men who were mobilized immediately after the Chernobyl accident for clean-up operations within the 30-km zone around the damaged nuclear power plant.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0048969794905002
Author: A.D. Proshin
Reference: Dissertation, candidate of medical sciences, Obninsk, 2002
Keywords: health condition, demographic dynamics, cesium 137
Abstract:
1.Radiation-health consequences of the Chernobyl accident (review). 1.1. The role of ionizing radiation and other factors in the etiology of thyroid cancer. 2.1 The evolution of specialized medical examination in the post-Chernobyl period. Chapter 2. Materials and methods. Chapter 3. The results of their own research. 3.1. Demographic dynamics of the Bryansk region in post-accidental period. 3.2. Radiation-ecological situation in the territory of Bryansk region. 3.2.1. Evaluation of contamination of territories and basic food with cesium-137. 3.2.2. Changing the content of incorporated radionuclides, depending on the age and place of residence. 3.2.3. The assessment of individual doses. 3.3. The steps and the effectiveness of clinical examination of the inhabitants of the Bryansk region in the system of protective measures to minimize the consequences of the Chernobyl accident. 3.4. Characteristics of thyroid cancers in the population of the Bryansk region in the post-Chernobyl period.
URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/kompleksnyi-analiz-meditsinskikh-radiatsionno-ekologicheskikh-i-organizatsionnykh-meropriyat
Title: UNSOLVED RADIOECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF EXCLUSION ZONE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT AT THE LATE PHASE
Author: Yu.A. Ivanov, M.D. Bondar’kov
Reference: Radiation Biology, Radioecology (Russian: “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “), 49 (3), 2009: 302-310.
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803109030060
Keywords: Chernobyl exclusion zone, rehabilitation
Abstract: The article gives long-term observation of radioecologic process of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl disaster. It also describes the auto-rehabilitation of the ecosystem of the zone, as well as radioecological problems of urban ecosystems (for example, the former city of Pripyat), problems of rehabilitation of marginalized areas, etc.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=12450576
Title: Prediction of vertical distribution of 137CS and 90SR in forest soils in Belarus
Author: Perevolotsky A.N., Perevolotskaya T.V.
Reference: Radiation Biology. Radioecology, (Russian: “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ“) 52(6), December 2012
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803112060082
Keywords: forecast, migration, 137Cs, 90Sr, specific activity, supply of radionuclides, distribution of radionuclides , quasi-factor, soil
Abstract: The article analyzes the distribution of 137cs and 90sr in vertical profile onto the soil of forest ecosystem, in Belorussia, in various conditions: content of moisture, composition of woody vegetation. Describes various types of vertical migration of radionuclides under the surface of soil.
URL: http://lekarius.ru/external/paper/36946
Title: Radioecological evaluation of protective activities applied in agricultural sphere in Belarus between 2000 and 2005. (to the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster)
Author: Podolyak A.G., Bogdevich I.M., Ageets V.Yu., Timofeev S.F.
Reference: Radiation Biology, Radioecology, (Russian:“РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “), Volume 47, Issue 3, 2007, Pages 356-370
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803107030162
Keywords: Belarus, protective activities in agriculture, 137Cs , 90Sr, 2000~2005
Abstract: Gives basic evaluation of protective activities, in agriculture, in the land contaminated by the Chernobyl accident. Analysis of the principles of the activities of 90sr and 137cs. Evaluation of liquidation of the disaster.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=9516611
Title: Migration ability of radionuclides in soil-vegetation cover of Belarus after Chernobyl accident
Author: G.A. Sokolik, T.G. Ivanova, S.L. Leinova, S.V. Ovsiannikova, I.M. Kimlenko
Reference: Environment International, Volume 26, Issue 3, January 2001, Pages 183-187
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0160-4120(00)00104-5
Keywords: Radionuclides; Cesium-137; Strontium-90; Plutonium-239, 240; Americium-241; “hot” particles; Physicochemical State; Chernobyl accident; Migration parameters; Biological accessibility
Abstract: This paper illustrates the experimental experience achieved in the research of the self-restoration of radioactive-contaminated natural ecosystems. The main directions of studies were: the content and geochemical stability of “hot” particles in radioactive fallout from Chernobyl accident; the physicochemical forms (water-soluble, exchangeable, mobile and fixed) of Cs-137, Sr-90, Pu-239, 240 and Am-241 in the wide varieties of soils; the biological accessibility of radionuclides and their contents in soil pore solutions; and the dynamics and migration parameters of radionuclides vertical redistribution in different landscape conditions.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412000001045
Title: The Allium cepa chromosome aberration test reliably measures genotoxicity of soils of inhabited areas in the Ukraine contaminated by the Chernobyl accident
Author: Olga Kovalchuk, Igor Kovalchuk, Andrey Arkhipov, Polina Telyuk, Barbara Hohn, Larisa Kovalchuk
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 415, Issues 1–2, 8 July 1998, Pages 47-57
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(98)00053-9
Keywords: Allium test; Genotoxicity; Cytotoxicity; Chernobyl; Radiation
Abstract: The accident on the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant reactor IV in April 1986 led to the release of an enormous amount of radioactive material into the biosphere and to the formation of a complex pattern of nuclear contamination over a large area. As a consequence more than 5 million km2 of the soil in the Ukraine became contaminated with more than 1 Ci/km21 and 2. An assessment of the genetic consequences of the nuclear pollution is one of the most important problems. We applied the Allium cepa test to estimate the impact on plant chromosomes of nuclear pollution in the inhabited zones of the Ukraine. We tested soil from the obligatory resettlement zone (zone 2), where the mean density of pollution is 15–40 Ci/km2; zones of enhanced radiological control-zone 3, 5–15 Ci/km2 and zone 4, 1–5 Ci/km2. We found a dose-dependent increase in the fraction of aberrant mitoses from control values of 1.6±0.9% up to 23.8±5.0%, and a corresponding monotonous decrease of the mitotic index from 49.4±4.8% to a limiting value of 22.5±4.0% at pollution levels exceeding 35 Ci/km2 (activity of the soil samples exceeding 6000 Bq/kg, respectively). We observed a strong, significant correlation of activity of soil samples with the percentage of chromosomal abnormalities, r=0.97 (P<0.05), and with the mitotic index, r=−0.93 (P<0.05), in the roots of A. cepa, respectively. The results showed high toxicity and genotoxicity of radioactively polluted soils and confirmed the efficiency of the A. cepa test as a quick and inexpensive biological test for ecological and genetic risk assessment in the `Chernobyl’ zones.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383571898000539
Title: Detecting contamination-induced tree stress within the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Author: Corine Davids, Andrew N Tyler
Reference: Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 85, Issue 1, 25 April 2003, Pages 30-38
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00184-0
Keywords: Contamination-induced tree stress; Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant; Three Channel Vegetation Index
Abstract: The radioactive contamination from the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) caused significant change in the abundance and distribution of tree species in the exclusion zone. Some 400 ha of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were killed from high levels of contamination and these areas have since been recolonised by silver birch (Betula pendula). Much work has shown that changes in leaf pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids) and biomass as a result of water and nutrient deficiencies and other environmental influences can be detected through spectral reflectance characteristics of leaves. This paper presents the results of a reconnaissance study showing that spectral reflectance measurements can also be used to detect the effect of radionuclide contamination on the vegetation in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Through laboratory and in situ spectroradiometry of silver birch and Scots pine, we demonstrate that the chlorophyll red edge and the Three Channel Vegetation Index (TCHVI) correlate well with specific activities of 90Sr and 137Cs in leaves, γ-dose rates and 137Cs inventories in soil. The results show that remote sensing has the potential of providing a valuable monitoring technique for assessing the ecological impact of radionuclide contamination.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425702001840
Title: α-Particle track investigation of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident region soil samples
Author: L.L. Kashkarov, G.V. Kalinina, V.P. Perelygin
Reference: Radiation Measurements, Volume 36, Issues 1–6, June 2003, Pages 529-532
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00199-9
Keywords: α Tracks; CZ plastic track detector; Highly-radioactive “hot” particles; Chernobyl accident region; Radio-nuclide soil contamination
Abstract: Results of α-particle track studies (Radiat. Meas. 25(1–4) (1995) 413; Radionuclides and Heavy metals in Environment, Vol. 5, 2001, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht) indicate that the surface layer of the soil in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident region consists of thinly dispersed radionuclides and highly-radioactive “hot” particles (HPs). The latter contain nearly 2/3rds of the total α-activity of the contaminated soil. In the present report, the new results of continued HP α-activity characteristics are presented. The chief attempt made was to investigate size–frequency vs. α-activity distribution of HPs of size fraction ⩽10– . For the Hp-aggregates with ∼100– sizes, α-radio-nuclide heterogeneity was established. This is probably the result of formation of HP-aggregates during the second stage of the NPP accident process: in these HPs the presence of not only U and fission products of “fuel” origin has been revealed, but also of terrestrial matter components.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350448703001999
Title: Estimation of doses received in a dry-contaminated residential area in the Bryansk region, Russia, since the Chernobyl accident
Author: K.G. Andersson, J. Roed
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 85, Issues 2–3, 2006, Pages 228-240
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.08.019
Keywords: Radiation dose; Radiocaesium; Urban; Chernobyl; Preparedness; Dry deposition
Abstract: In nuclear preparedness, an essential requirement is the ability to adequately predict the likely consequences of a major accident situation. In this context it is very important to evaluate which contributions to dose are important, and which are not likely to have significance. As an example of this type of evaluation, a case study has been conducted to estimate the doses received over the first 17 years after the Chernobyl accident in a dry-contaminated residential area in the Bryansk region in Russia. Methodologies for estimation of doses received through nine different pathways, including contamination of streets, roofs, exterior walls, and landscape, are established, and best estimates are given for each of the dose contributions. Generally, contaminated soil areas were estimated to have given the highest dose contribution, but a number of other contributions to dose, e.g., from contaminated roofs and inhalation of contaminants during the passage of the contaminated plume, were of the same order of magnitude.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X05002183
