Title: Genetic Impact of Low-Dose Radiation on Human and Non-Human Biota in Chernobyl, Ukraine
Author: Natasha A. Maznik
Reference: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , Volume 51, Issue 1-2 , pp 497-506
doi: 10.1023/A:1005979319298
ＵＲＬ: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1005979319298
Title: External and internal irradiation of a Rural Bryansk (Russia) population from 1990 to 2000, following high deposition of radioactive caesium from the chernobyl accident
Author: C. Thornberg, R. Vesanen, E. Wallström, I. Zvonova, T. Jesko, M. Balonov, S. Mattsson
Reference: Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, Volume 44, Issue 2 , pp 97-106
doi: 10.1007/s00411-005-0007-2
Keywords : radiocesium, Bryansk
Abstract: In 1990, a joint Nordic-Russian project was initiated in order to make independent estimations of the effective dose to selected groups of inhabitants in a highly contaminated area around the city of Novozybkov in the western Bryansk region of Russia. The inhabitants were living in six villages with initial contamination levels of 137Cs between 0.9 and 2.7 MBq m−2. Some villages had been decontaminated, others not. Both school children and adults participated in the study.
ＵＲＬ: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00411-005-0007-2
Title: Radiation effects in lymphocytes of children living in a Chernobyl contaminated region of Belarus.
Author: Mikhalevich LS, De Zwart FA, Perepetskaya GA, Chebotareva NV, Mikhalevich EA, Tates AD
Reference: Int J Radiat Biol 2000, 76:1377–1385.
doi:10.1080/09553000050151655
Keywords :
Abstract: To investigate cytogenetic and mutational eÚects in lymphocytes from individuals chronically exposed to radiation from the Chernobyl catastrophe. Materials and methods : Nine years after the Chernobyl accident (1986), peripheral blood lymphocytes from 20 Kalinkovichi children (age 10-15) and 10 Minsk children (age 10-17) were analysed for genetic damage by several assays. Radiation damage in exposed children was investigated in descendants of progenitor cells that were irradiated during a short period immediately after the accident. In the time-span between the accident and blood sampling the cells were also irradiated chronically by internal radiation originating from ingested radionuclides and, to a smaller extent, by external radiation from radionuclides.
ＵＲＬ: http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09553000050151655
Title: Exposure from the Chernobyl accident had adverse effects on erythrocytes, leukocytes, and, platelets in children in the Narodichesky region, Ukraine: A 6-year follow-up study
Author: Eugenia Stepanova, Wilfried Karmaus, Marina Naboka, Vitaliy Vdovenko, Tim Mousseau,Viacheslav M Shestopalov, John Vena, Erik Svendsen, Dwight Underhill, Harris Pastides
Reference: Environmental Health , May 2008, 7:21
DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-7-21
Keywords :
Abstract: After the Chernobyl nuclear accident on April 26, 1986, all children in the contaminated territory of the Narodichesky region, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine, were obliged to participate in a yearly medical examination. We present the results from these examinations for the years 1993 to 1998. Since the hematopoietic system is an important target, we investigated the association between residential soil density of 137Caesium (137Cs) and hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte, platelet, and leukocyte counts in 1,251 children, using 4,989 repeated measurements taken from 1993 to 1998.
Title: Chronic Contamination with 137Cesium in Rat: Effect on Liver Cholesterol Metabolism
Author: M. Souidi, E. Tissandie, L. Grandcolas, S. Grison, F. Paquet, P. Voisin, J. Aigueperse, P. Gourmelon Y. Guéguen
Reference: International Journal of Toxicology November 2006 vol. 25 no. 6 493-497
DOI: 10.1080/10915810600961317
Keywords : Cesium, Chernobyl, Cholesterol, Liver, Rat
Abstract: After the Chernobyl nuclear accident, epidemiological studies on human populations living in 137Cs-contaminated areas revealed the increase frequencies of thyroid cancer and evoked the apparition of cardiovascular diseases, hormonal effect, liver alteration, and lipid disorder. Actually, it raises a problem of public safety for the populations living on these territories that are exposed to low levels of 137Cs during a long period through food. Then it is necessary to study potential effect of this chronic contamination. To mimic this situation, the authors investigate the potential biological effects of chronic exposure to 137Cs at a postaccidental dose (150 Bq/rat/day) on hepatic metabolism of cholesterol in rat. Plasma lipid level, gene expression and activity were analyzed. It was observed that in 137Cs-exposed rats, gene expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and liver X receptor α (LXRα) are increased (95%, p < .05; 34%, p < .05; 20%, p < 0.05, respectively), whereas transporter adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette transporter G5 (ABCG5) is decreased (42%, p < .05). In addition, cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1) activity is increased (34%, p < .05) in contaminated rat liver. In conclusion, the results suggest that 137Cs contamination at low-level induces molecular modifications of the liver cholesterol metabolism without leading to a dysregulation of its homeostasis. These results suggest that chronic long term exposure at low-level of 137Cs may evolve to lipid disorder.
Title: Dosimetry for a Study of Low-Dose Radiation Cataracts among Chernobyl Clean-up Workers
Author: V. V. Chumak, B. V. Worgul, Y. I. Kundiyev, N. M. Sergiyenko, P. M. Vitte, C. Medvedovsky, E. V. Bakhanova, A. K. Junk, O. Y. Kyrychenko, N. V. Musijachenko, S. V. Sholom, S. A. Shylo, O. P. Vitte, S. Xu, X. Xue, and R. E. Shore
Reference: Radiation Research 167(5):606-614. 2007
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/RR0302.1
Keywords : low-dose radiation, cataracts, clean-up workers, Ukraine
Abstract: A cohort of 8,607 Ukrainian Chernobyl clean-up workers during 1986–1987 was formed to study cataract formation after ionizing radiation exposure. Study eligibility required the availability of sufficient exposure information to permit the reconstruction of doses to the lens of the eye. Eligible groups included civilian workers, such as those who built the “sarcophagus” over the reactor, Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Workers, and military reservists who were conscripted for clean-up work. Many of the official doses for workers were estimates, because only a minority wore radiation badges. For 106 military workers, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements of extracted teeth were compared with the recorded doses as the basis to adjust the recorded γ-ray doses and provide estimates of uncertainties. Beta-particle doses to the lens were estimated with an algorithm devised to take into account the nature and location of Chernobyl work, time since the accident, and protective measures taken. A Monte Carlo routine generated 500 random estimates for each individual from the uncertainty distributions of the γ-ray dose and of the ratio of β-particle to γ-ray doses. The geometric mean of the 500 combined β-particle and γ-ray dose estimates for each individual was used in the data analyses. The median estimated lens dose for the cohort was 123 mGy, while 4.4% received >500 mGy.
Title: The Outcome of Local Radiation Injuries: 14 Years of Follow-up after the Chernobyl Accident
Author: Petra Gottlöber, Marianne Steinert, Melanie Weiss, Vladimir Bebeshko, David Belyi, Natalia Nadejina, Fritz H. Stefani , Gerard Wagemaker, Theodor M. Fliedner, and Ralf U. Peter
Reference: Radiation Research 155(3):409-416. 2001
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2001)155[0409:TOOLRI]2.0.CO;2
Keywords : radiation sickness, radiation injuries
Abstract: The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident on April 26, 1986 was the largest in the history of the peaceful use of nuclear energy. Of the 237 individuals initially suspected to have been significantly exposed to radiation during or in the immediate aftermath of the accident, the diagnosis of acute radiation sickness (ARS) could be confirmed in 134 cases on the basis of clinical symptoms. Of these, 54 patients suffered from cutaneous radiation syndrome (CRS) to varying degrees. Among the 28 patients who died from the immediate consequences of accidental radiation exposure, acute hemopoietic syndrome due to bone marrow failure was the primary cause of death only in a minority. In 16 of these 28 deaths, the primary cause was attributed to CRS. This report describes the characteristic cutaneous sequelae as well as associated clinical symptoms and diseases of 15 survivors of the Chernobyl accident with severe localized exposure who were systematically followed up by our groups between 1991 and 2000. All patients presented with CRS of varying severity, showing xerosis, cutaneous telangiectasias and subungual splinter hemorrhages, hemangiomas and lymphangiomas, epidermal atrophy, disseminated keratoses, extensive dermal and subcutaneous fibrosis with partial ulcerations, and pigmentary changes including radiation lentigo. Surprisingly, no cutaneous malignancies have been detected so far in those areas that received large radiation exposures and that developed keratoses; however, two patients first presented in 1999 with basal cell carcinomas on the nape of the neck and the right lower eyelid, areas that received lower exposures. During the follow-up period, two patients were lost due to death from myelodysplastic syndrome in 1995 and acute myelogenous leukemia in 1998, respectively. Other radiation-induced diseases such as dry eye syndrome (3/15), radiation cataract (5/15), xerostomia (4/15) and increased FSH levels (7/15) indicating impaired fertility were also documented. This study, which analyzes 14 years in the clinical course of a cohort of patients with a unique exposure pattern, corroborates the requirement for long-term, if not life-long, follow-up not only in atomic bomb survivors, but also after predominantly local radiation exposure.
Title: Plutonium, 90Sr and 241Am in human bones from southern and northeastern parts of Poland
Author: Kamil Brudecki, Jerzy W. Mietelski, Robert Anczkiewicz, Edward B. Golec, Ewa Tomankiewicz,
Konstanty Kuźma, Paweł Zagrodzki, Joanna Golec, Sebastian Nowak, Elżbieta Szczygieł, Zbigniew Dudkiewicz
Reference: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Volume 299, Issue 3 , pp 1379-1388
DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2850-y
Keywords: Plutonium, Americium, Strontium, Chernobyl, Mass spectrometry, Pu isotopic ratios, Human bones
Abstract: The paper presents the results of our study on 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 241Am and 90Sr concentration in human bones carried out on a set of 88 individual samples of central Europe origin. Bone tissue samples were retrieved under surgery while introducing hip joint implants. The conducted surgeries tend to cover either southern or northeastern parts of Poland. While for the southern samples only global fallout was expected to be seen, a mixed global and Chernobyl fallout were to be reflected in the others. Alpha spectrometry was applied to obtain activity concentration for 238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Am, while liquid scintillation spectrometry for 90Sr and mass spectrometry to receive 240Pu/239Pu mass ratio. Surprisingly enough, and to the contrary to our expectations we could not see any significant differences in either Pu activity or Pu mass ratio between the studied populations. In both populations Chernobyl fraction proved marginal. The results on 90Sr and 241Am confirm similarities between the two examined groups.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10967-013-2850-y
Title: Indicators of biological age and accelerated aging in liquidators of the consequences of radiation emergency
Author: E. I. Puchkova, N. V. Alishev
Reference: Advances in Gerontology , October 2011, Volume 1, Issue 4, pp 346-351
DOI: 10.1134/S2079057011040151
Keywords: biological age, accelerated aging, social-hygienic factors, functional classes of biological age, radiation accidents, medical consequences
Abstract: The biological age (BA) of the majority of liquidators of the consequences of radiation accidents in the navy and of the liquidators of the Chernobyl NPP accident exceeds the average standard and their DBA (due BA). The BA index can be a characteristic of the influence of social-hygienic factors on the health conditions in the Special Risk Subunit whose members liquidated the consequences of the radiation accidents. It was established that the radiation effect pertains to factors dramatically increasing BA and the rate of senescence in this group of people.
ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S2079057011040151
Title: The lessons of Chernobyl and Fukushima
Author: Ivanov V.K., Kascheev V.V., Chekin S.YU., Korelo A.M., Menyaylo A.N., Maksyutov M.A., Gorskiy A.I., Tumanov K.A., Pryahin E.A
Reference: J. Radiol. Prot. 2012. V. 32. P. N55-N58
doi:
Keywords: Chernobyl accident , estimation of radiation risks , the 2007 ICRP recommendations prognostic estimates of radiological consequences of the disaster at the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP
Abstract: The following three main questions are considered in the article. First, results of large-scale studies of the National Radiation Epidemiological Registry for 25 years of follow-up after the accident at the Chernobyl NPP and summarized data on radiation risks for emergency accident workers and the population of the most contaminated with radionuclides territories of Russia. Second, verification of ICRP prognostic models (Publication 103) for estimating radiation risk with an allowance for data on the Chernobyl accident. And third, we give prognostic estimates of potential radiological consequences of the disaster at the Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP with the use of the ICRP prognostic models.