タグ「Chernobyl exclusion zone」
Title: Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of the Residents of 30-km Chornobyl NPP Exclusion Zone
Author: Larysa BEZDROBNA, Tetyana TSYGANOK, Olena ROMANOVA, Larysa TARASENKO, Volodymyr TRYSHYN and Ludmila KLIMKINA
Reference: Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Science of Ukraine
Keywords: lymphocytes, Chernobyl exclusion zone, chromosomal aberrations, Ukraine
Abstract: A comparative сytogenetic examination of 33 self-settlers in the 30 km ChNPP Exclusion Zone and 31 residents in villages of Yahotyn district, Kyiv region was carried out in 1998-99.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr79/kr79pdf/Bezdrobna.pdf
Title: Hematologic and cytogenetic effects of the Chernobyl disaster for three types of mouse-like rodents that live in the exclusion zone
Author: Kulygina, Olga Ivanovna
Reference: Moscow, 2001
Keywords: hematologic effects, cytogenetic effects, mouse-like rodents, exclusion zone, EDR (exposure dose rate) gamma – radiation
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to examine the hematological and cytogenetic effects of the Chernobyl disaster for three types of rodents that live in the exclusion zone on the radioactive trace of the accidental release from the Chernobyl disaster with various exposure dose rate of gamma – radiation.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/gematologicheskie-i-tsitogeneticheskie-posledstviya-avarii-na-chaes-dlya-trekh-vidov-myshevi
Author: Gudkov D.I., Nazarov A.B., Dzyubenko E.V., Kaglyan A.E., Klenus V.G.
Reference: Gazette “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “ (Radiation Biology, Radioecology), 2009
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803109060095
Keywords: freshwater mussels, contamination
Abstract: Observes the concentration of radionuclides of 90Sr, 137Cs, 238Pu, 239 + 240Pu и 241Am in freshwater mussels in the exclusion zone of Chernobyl. Analyzes radiation doses, frequency of chromosomal aberrations and composition of hemolymph in Lymnaea Stagnalis.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=12989734
Title: UNSOLVED RADIOECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF EXCLUSION ZONE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT AT THE LATE PHASE
Author: Yu.A. Ivanov, M.D. Bondar’kov
Reference: Radiation Biology, Radioecology (Russian: “РАДИАЦИОННАЯ БИОЛОГИЯ. РАДИОЭКОЛОГИЯ “), 49 (3), 2009: 302-310.
ISSN: 0869-8031
DOI: 10.1134/S0869803109030060
Keywords: Chernobyl exclusion zone, rehabilitation
Abstract: The article gives long-term observation of radioecologic process of the exclusion zone of the Chernobyl disaster. It also describes the auto-rehabilitation of the ecosystem of the zone, as well as radioecological problems of urban ecosystems (for example, the former city of Pripyat), problems of rehabilitation of marginalized areas, etc.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=12450576
Title: Detecting contamination-induced tree stress within the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Author: Corine Davids, Andrew N Tyler
Reference: Remote Sensing of Environment, Volume 85, Issue 1, 25 April 2003, Pages 30-38
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00184-0
Keywords: Contamination-induced tree stress; Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant; Three Channel Vegetation Index
Abstract: The radioactive contamination from the 1986 accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP) caused significant change in the abundance and distribution of tree species in the exclusion zone. Some 400 ha of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were killed from high levels of contamination and these areas have since been recolonised by silver birch (Betula pendula). Much work has shown that changes in leaf pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids) and biomass as a result of water and nutrient deficiencies and other environmental influences can be detected through spectral reflectance characteristics of leaves. This paper presents the results of a reconnaissance study showing that spectral reflectance measurements can also be used to detect the effect of radionuclide contamination on the vegetation in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. Through laboratory and in situ spectroradiometry of silver birch and Scots pine, we demonstrate that the chlorophyll red edge and the Three Channel Vegetation Index (TCHVI) correlate well with specific activities of 90Sr and 137Cs in leaves, γ-dose rates and 137Cs inventories in soil. The results show that remote sensing has the potential of providing a valuable monitoring technique for assessing the ecological impact of radionuclide contamination.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034425702001840
Title: Determination of 99Tc deposited on the ground within the 30-km zone around the chernobyl reactor and estimation of 99Tc released into atmosphere by the accident
Author: S. Uchida, K. Tagami, W. Rühm, E. Wirth
Reference: Chemosphere, Volume 39, Issue 15, December 1999, Pages 2757-2766
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00210-6
Keywords: Technetium-99; Chernobyl accident; Forest soil; Deposition; Cesium-137; Migration
Abstract: Technetium-99 was determined in samples from the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl reactor. Concentrations of 99Tc in soil samples taken from three forest sites ranged from 1.1 to 14.1 Bq kg−1 dry weight for the organic soil layers, and from 0.13 to 0.83 Bq kg−1 dry weight for the mineral soil layers. In particular, for the organic layers, the measured 99Tc concentrations were one or two orders of magnitude higher than those due to global fallout 99Tc. The 99Tc depositions (Bq m−2), based on the sum of the depositions measured in organic and mineral layers, ranged from 130 Bq m−2 within the 10-km zone to about 20 Bq m−2 close to the border of the 30-km zone. Taking the corresponding measured 137Cs depositions into account, it was found that the activity ratio of ranged from 6 × 10−5 to 1.2 × 10−4. It was estimated that about 970 GBq of 99Tc had been released by the Chernobyl accident. This figure corresponded to 2%–3% of the total 99Tc inventory in the core.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653599002106
Title: The transfer capability of long-lived Chernobyl radionuclides from surface soil to river water in dissolved forms
Author: H Amano, T Matsunaga, S Nagao, Y Hanzawa, M Watanabe, T Ueno, Y Onuma
Reference: Organic Geochemistry, Volume 30, Issue 6, June 1999, Pages 437-442
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00028-5
Keywords: Sr-90; Cs-137; Transuranic elements; Speciation; Surface soil; Runoff; Dissolved organic materials; Fulvic acid; Ultrafiltration; Chernobyl 30 km zone
Abstract: Hydrologic runoff is one of the main processes in which radionuclides deposited in the surface environment migrate widely in both particulate and dissolved forms. This paper focuses on the transfer capability of long lived Chernobyl radionuclides from surface soil to river water in dissolved forms. First, concentration and speciation of radioactive Cs, Sr and transuranic isotopes, such as Pu and Am, were examined in undisturbed surface soil along the river in the exclusion zone (30 km zone) near the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) in order to validate the radioactive contamination characteristics. Almost all radioactivities exist in the very top surface in the undisturbed soil layer. Sr-90 in the soil was estimated to be highest in the water soluble and exchangeable fractions, which were easily accessible to river water as a dissolved fraction. Pu isotopes and Am-241 are major radionuclides in free humic and free fulvic acid fractions. Secondly, surface soil near the Sahan River was extracted with distilled water, as an analogue of rain water, to estimate the dissolved fraction in runoff components from surface soil to river water. After a filtration procedure, extracted water was treated with ultra filtration techniques separating the molecular weight fractions of beyond and below 10,000 Da. Each fraction was measured for the radioactivity and the characteristics of organic materials including humic substances. Most Pu and Am exist in the molecular weight fractions beyond 10,000 Da, in spite of the fact that most of the dissolved organic fractions exist below 10,000 Da. This means that transuranic elements such as Pu and Am are associated with mobile high molecular weight materials like fulvic acids in water leachates.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0146638099000285
Title: Concentration levels of technetium-99 in forest soils collected within the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl reactor
Author: S Uchida, K Tagami, E Wirth, W Rühm
Reference: Environmental Pollution, Volume 105, Issue 1, April 1999, Pages 75-77
DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(98)00210-3
Keywords: Technetium-99; Chernobyl accident; Forest soil; Cesium-137; ICP-MS
Abstract: Technetium-99 (99Tc) concentrations in surface soil samples collected from three forest sites within the 30-km zone around the Chernobyl reactor were determined. A simple and rapid analytical method, which consists of volatilizing and trapping Tc in a combustion apparatus, purifying the Tc with an extraction chromatographic resin and measuring it by ICP-MS, was used for the determination. The concentrations of 99Tc in the samples ranged from 1.1 to 14.1 Bq kg−1 on an air-dried soil basis. The activities of the nuclide in the soils around the Chernobyl reactor were one or two orders of magnitude higher than in other areas which were less affected by the accident. The activity ratios of 99Tc/137Cs ratios in the soils were calculated as on the order of 3.7×10−5 to 1.3×10−4.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749198002103
Title: Soil contamination with 90Sr in the near zone of the Chernobyl accident
Author: V.A Kashparov, S.M Lundin, Yu.V Khomutinin, S.P Kaminsky, S.E Levchuk, V.P Protsak, A.M Kadygrib, S.I Zvarich, V.I Yoschenko, J Tschiersch
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 56, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 285-298
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00207-1
Keywords: Soil contamination; 90Sr; Chernobyl; 30 km exclusion zone; Map
Abstract: Representative large-scale soil sampling on a regular grid of step width about 1 km was carried out for the first time in the near zone of the Chernobyl accident (radius 36 km). An integrated map of terrestrial 90Sr contamination density in the 30 km exclusion zone (scale 1 : 200,000) has been created from the analysed samples. Maps of the main agrochemical characteristics of the soils, which determine the fuel particle dissolution rates and the contamination of vegetation, were produced. The total contents of 90Sr on the ground surface of the 30 km zone in Ukraine (without the reactor site and the radioactive waste storages) was about 810 TBq (8.1×10+14 Bq) in 1997, which corresponds to 0.4–0.5% of the Chernobyl reactor inventory at the time of the accident. This assessment is 3–4 times lower than previous estimates.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X00002071
Title: 90Sr migration to the geo-sphere from a waste burial in the Chernobyl exclusion zone
Author: L Dewiere, D Bugai, C Grenier, V Kashparov, N Ahamdach
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 74, Issues 1–3, 2004, Pages 139-150
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.01.019
Keywords: Chernobyl; Strontium-90; Fuel particles; Groundwater; Retardation; Sorption; Hydro-dispersion
Abstract: Results are presented from an ongoing field-scale experimental study (namely the Chernobyl Pilot Site project) aimed at characterization of processes controlling 90Sr releases from a shallow trench containing nuclear fuel particles, and subsequent radionuclide transport in the underlying sandy aquifer at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant site. Microscopic analyses of waste material and leaching experiments have shown that 10–30% of the radioactive inventory is associated with chemically extra-stable Zr–U–O particles. The largest fraction of 90Sr activity in the trench (≈30–60%) is currently associated with relatively slowly dissolving non-oxidized UO2 matrix fuel particles. The 90Sr migration velocity in the eolian sand aquifer is retarded by sorption to ≈9% of groundwater flow velocity (Kd ≈ 2 ml/g). The dispersivity values for non-reactive solute transport in the aquifer predicted by geostatistics (i.e. 0.8 6 cm) were confirmed by a natural gradient tracer test using 36Cl. The observed negative correlation between hydraulic conductivity and Kd of aquifer sediments suggests that 90Sr could be subjected to larger dispersion in the subsurface compared with 36Cl.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X04000244
