Tissue reactions under chronic exposure to ionizing radiation

Title: Tissue reactions under chronic exposure to ionizing radiation

Author: A. V. Akleyev

Reference: Biophysics, February 2010, Volume 55, Issue 1, pp 128-141

DOI: 10.1134/S0006350910010203

Keywords : chronic exposure, hemopoiesis, immunity, endocrine system, gonads, skin, lungs

Abstract: Reviewed are radiobiological data on the emergence of tissue reactions that may determine the course and outcome of human chronic irradiation. The main mechanisms of the reaction of hemopoietic, immune, reproductive, endocrine, respiratory systems and skin to long-term and fractionated exposure to ionizing radiation are considered. The problem of developing a new approach to threshold dose estimation for chronic exposure effects is discussed.

ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS0006350910010203

Neurophysiologic effects of acute and chronic low dose radiation Proceedings, 5th International Cardio Event 2013 “Cardiology Towards the Future, System Medicine”

Author: Loganovsky K.N.

Reference: Florence, Italy, January 17-19, 2013. — pp. 77–85

Melatonin protection from chronic, low-level ionizing radiation

Title: Melatonin protection from chronic, low-level ionizing radiation
Author: Reiter, Russel J. / Korkmaz, Ahmet / Ma, Shuran / Rosales-Corral, Sergio / Tan, Dun-Xian

Reference: Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, 751 (1), p.7-14, Jul 2012

doi: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.002

Keywords: Chronic radiation exposure; Radioisotopes; Lingering radioactivity; Melatonin

Abstract: In the current survey, we summarize the published literature which supports the use of melatonin, an endogenously produced molecule, as a protective agent against chronic, low-level ionizing radiation. Under in vitro conditions, melatonin uniformly was found to protect cellular DNA and plasmid super coiled DNA from ionizing radiation damage due to Cs¹³⁷ or X-radiation exposure. Likewise, in an in vivo/in vitro study in which humans were given melatonin orally and then their blood lymphocytes were collected and exposed to Cs¹³⁷ ionizing radiation, nuclear DNA from the cells of those individuals who consumed melatonin (and had elevated blood levels) was less damaged than that from control individuals. In in vivo studies as well, melatonin given to animals prevented DNA and lipid damage (including limiting membrane rigidity) and reduced the percentage of animals that died when they had been exposed to Cs¹³⁷ or Co⁶⁰ radiation. Melatonin’s ability to protect macromolecules from the damage inflicted by ionizing radiation likely stems from its high efficacy as a direct free radical scavenger and possibly also due to its ability to stimulate antioxidative enzymes. Melatonin is readily absorbed when taken orally or via any other route. Melatonin’s ease of self administration and its virtual absence of toxicity or side effects, even when consumed over very long periods of time, are essential when large populations are exposed to lingering radioactive contamination such as occurs as a result of an inadvertent nuclear accident, an intentional nuclear explosion or the detonation of a radiological dispersion device, i.e., a “dirty” bomb.

…lower the frequency of cancer initiation. Furthermore, if cancer is initiated, melatonin…Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima [67…increasing the risk of cancer because of its ability…concentrates in the thyroid gland since four atoms…

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383574211001001

Abundance of birds in Fukushima as judged from Chernobyl

• Title: Abundance of birds in Fukushima as judged from Chernobyl

Author: Møller, Anders Pape / Hagiwara, Atsushi / Matsui, Shin / Kasahara, Satoe / Kawatsu, Kencho / Nishiumi, Isao / Suzuki, Hiroyuki / (…) / Mousseau, Timothy A.

Reference: Environmental Pollution, 164, p.36-39, May 2012

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.008

Keywords: Birds, Chronic radiation, Population trends, Radiation

Abstract: The effects of radiation on abundance of common birds in Fukushima can be assessed from the effects of radiation in Chernobyl. Abundance of birds was negatively related to radiation, with a significant difference between Fukushima and Chernobyl. Analysis of 14 species common to the two areas revealed a negative effect of radiation on abundance, differing between areas and species.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0269749112000255#