Comparative analysis of the radionuclide composition in fallout in near and far areas after the Chernobyl and the Fukushima accidents

Title: Comparative analysis of the radionuclide composition in fallout in near and far areas after the Chernobyl and the Fukushima accidents

Author: Kotenko K.V., Shinkarev S.M., Abramov Yu.V., Granovskaya E.O., Yatsenko V.N., Gavrilin Yu.I., Margulis U.Ya., Garetskaya O.S., Imanaka T., Hoshi M.

Reference:  Medicine of Labour and Industrial Ecology, Number: 10 Year: 2012 Pages: 1-5

ISSN: 1026-9428

Keywords:  Fukushima,   Chernobyl,   Radioactive fallout,   Iodine-131,   I37CS

Abstract: [The nuclear accident occurred at Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) (March 11, 2011) similarly to the accident at the Chernobyl NPP (April 26, 1986) is related to the level 7 of the INES. It is of interest to make an analysis of the radionuclide composition of the fallout following both accidents. The results of the spectrometric measurements were used in the following comparative analysis. …]

URL:http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=18044355

I-129 and I-131 ground deposition densities are correlated in Belorussian settlements contaminated following the Chernobyl accident

Title: I-129 and I-131 ground deposition densities are correlated in Belorussian settlements contaminated following the Chernobyl accident

Author: Masaharu Hoshi, Valery F Stepanenko, Yuri I Gavrilin, Yuri M Volkov, Irina K Makarenkova, Jun Takada, Valery E Shevchuk, Valery G Skvortsov, Dmitry V Petin, Elena K Iaskova, Alexey E Kondrashov, Alexander I Ivannikov, Nataly M Ermakova, Leonid N Chunikhin

Reference: International Congress Series, Volume 1234, May 2002, Pages 115-120

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00601-X

Keywords: Chernobyl accident; I-129; I-131; Thyroid dose

Abstract: Long-living I-129 is considered as the witness of short-living I-131 fallout following the Chernobyl accident. Data on I-129 deposition densities might help to estimate thyroid doses in population of many contaminated areas where information on the I-131 ground deposition density is unknown.

This pilot study aimed to investigate the correlations between I-129 ground deposition densities measured in 2000 and those of I-131 measured in 1986.

I-129 measurements were performed by iodine separation and registration of I-129 decays using beta-x coincidence. Soil samples were collected and I-129, Cs-137 ground deposition densities were measured in three contaminated raions of Belorussia (14 locations in 12 settlements). For 10 of 12 settlements, there were available data of I-131 and Cs-137 spectrometric measurements during the first weeks after the accident in 1986.

Results of I-129 and Cs-137 measurements in 2000 were used for the reconstruction of I-131/Cs-137 ratio. Comparisons of reconstructed I-131/Cs-137 ratios with the I-131/Cs-137 ratios obtained by direct measurements in 1986 showed good agreement: correlation coefficient was 0.69 and linear regression coefficient (±SD) was 2.36(±0.88). The study confirms the possibility to apply the data on I-129 ground deposition densities for further application to improve estimations of thyroid absorbed doses, which result from I-131 irradiation.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S053151310100601X

The long-term (remote) effects of man-made iodine-131 on thyroid gland in childhood

Author: E.F. Ryzhova

Reference: Dissertation, candidate of medical sciences, Chelyabinsk, 2003

Keywords: child, iodine 131

Abstract: The problem of thyroid disorders, induced by radiation, has become particularly relevant after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, where large groups of the population have been exposed to and incorporated external sources of radiation, including iodine-131; to a factor of iodine deficiency joins the radiation factor. Over the past few years in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine, a lot of work on the identification and treatment of diseases of the thyroid has been done, which results in unique information on the problem. The largest number of studies devoted to thyroid cancer (L.N.Astahova, 1996; E.P.Demidchik et al., 1996; E.G.Matveenko et al., 1996). Also of importance in clinical practice are non-tumoral thyroid disease, occurring many times more than cancer. They lead to severe dysfunction of the thyroid, causing such severe manifestations of it as thyrotoxic myocardial with severe rhythm disorders, disorders of calcium metabolism leading to osteoporosis, a violation of the psyche with the loss of interest in life and decreased intelligence, the progression of atherosclerosis in ultimately leads to reduced quality of life. …

The purpose of the work: Identification of the relationship of thyroid disease with an extended irradiation with iodine-131 in childhood, according to a comprehensive survey in the remote period after the man-made radiation.

URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/otdalennye-effekty-tekhnogennogo-oblucheniya-shchitovidnoi-zhelezy-iodom-131-v-detskom-vozra

RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ chromosomal rearrangements in post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer and their association with iodine-131 radiation dose and other characteristics.

Title: RET/PTC and PAX8/PPARγ chromosomal rearrangements in post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer and their association with iodine-131 radiation dose and other characteristics.

Author: Leeman-Neill RJ, Brenner AV, Little MP, Bogdanova TI, Hatch M, Zurnadzy LY, Mabuchi K, Tronko MD, Nikiforov YE.

Reference: Cancer. 2013 Feb 21.

doi: 10.1002/cncr.27893.

Keywords: RET/PTC, chromosomal rearrangements, PAX8/PPARγ, iodine-131

Abstract: These results provide the first demonstration of PAX8/PPARγ rearrangements in post-Chernobyl tumors and show different associations for point mutations and chromosomal rearrangements with (131) I dose and other factors. These data support the relationship between chromosomal rearrangements, but not point mutations, and (131) I exposure and point to a possible role of iodine deficiency in generation of RET/PTC rearrangements in these patients. Cancer 2013;. © 2013 American Cancer Society.

URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23436219

Validation of 131I ecological transfer models and thyroid dose assessments using Chernobyl fallout data from the Plavsk district, Russia

Title: Validation of 131I ecological transfer models and thyroid dose assessments using Chernobyl fallout data from the Plavsk district, Russia

Author: I. Zvonova, P. Krajewski, V. Berkovsky, M. Ammann, C. Duffa, V. Filistovic, T. Homma, B. Kanyar, T. Nedveckaite, S.L. Simon, O. Vlasov, D. Webbe-Wood

Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 101, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 8-15

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.08.005

Keywords: Chernobyl accident; Iodine-131; Environment modeling; Models validation; Population; Thyroid dose

Abstract: Within the project “Environmental Modelling for Radiation Safety” (EMRAS) organized by the IAEA in 2003 experimental data of ¹³¹I measurements following the Chernobyl accident in the Plavsk district of Tula region, Russia were used to validate the calculations of some radioecological transfer models. Nine models participated in the inter-comparison. Levels of ¹³⁷Cs soil contamination in all the settlements and ¹³¹I/¹³⁷Cs isotopic ratios in the depositions in some locations were used as the main input information. 370 measurements of ¹³¹I content in thyroid of townspeople and villagers, and 90 measurements of ¹³¹I concentration in milk were used for validation of the model predictions.A remarkable improvement in models performance comparing with previous inter-comparison exercise was demonstrated. Predictions of the various models were within a factor of three relative to the observations, discrepancies between the estimates of average doses to thyroid produced by most participant not exceeded a factor of ten.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X09001751

GROUNDWATER RADIOIODINE: PREVALENCE, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, AND POTENTIAL REMEDIAL APPROACHES

Title: GROUNDWATER RADIOIODINE: PREVALENCE, BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, AND POTENTIAL REMEDIAL APPROACHES

Author: Denham, M. / Kaplan, D. / Yeager, C.

Reference: Sep 2009  Savannah River National Laboratory

doi: 10.2172/965394

Keywords: Iodine-129, iodine-131,iodide, iodate, remediation,fission product, organic matter, microbiology, silver, sorption, risk assessment

Abstract: This report was prepared for the United States Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC09-08SR22470 and is an account of work performed under that contract. Neither the United States Department of Energy, nor SRNS, nor any of their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of any information, apparatus, or product or process disclosed herein or represents that its use will not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, name, manufacturer or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply endorsement, recommendation, or favoring of same by Savannah River Nuclear Solutions or by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

…function of time after the Chernobyl accident. Note that 131 I…that the maximum dose to the thyroid occurs. As the amount of 129…and 10 4 nCi the dose to the thyroid decreases sharply due to its…activity, does not demonstrate a thyroid dose sensitivity to the amount of radioactivity…

URL: http://sti.srs.gov/fulltext/SRNL-STI-2009-00463.pdf

Use of 129I and 137Cs in soils for the estimation of 131I deposition in Belarus as a result of the Chernobyl accident

Keywords: Chernobyl; ¹²⁹I; ¹³¹I; ¹³⁷Cs; Soils

Abstract: Using radioactivity measurements for ¹³¹I and ¹³⁷Cs and nuclear activation analysis (NAA) or accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for ¹²⁹I, ratios of ¹³¹I/¹³⁷Cs and ¹²⁹I/¹³⁷Cs have been determined in soils from Belarus. We find that the pre-Chernobyl ratio of ¹²⁹I/¹³⁷Cs in Belarus is significantly larger than expected from nuclear weapons fallout. For the Chernobyl accident, our results support the hypothesis that there was relatively little fractionation of iodine and caesium during migration and deposition of the radioactive cloud. For sites having ¹³⁷Cs >300 Bq/kg, ¹²⁹I can potentially give more reliable retroactive estimates of Chernobyl ¹³¹I deposition. However, our results suggest that ¹³⁷Cs can also give reasonably good (±50%) estimates for ¹³¹I in Belarus.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X01000807

Chapter 100 – Use of 131-Iodine and the Risk of Radiation Exposure: Potential Hazards to the Patient and Other People

Title:Chapter 100 – Use of 131-Iodine and the Risk of Radiation Exposure: Potential Hazards to the Patient and Other People

Author: Cappelen, Tone / Unhjem, Jan Frede

Reference: Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine, Jan 2009

ISBN:9780123741356

Keywords:

Abstract: For decades, ¹³¹I (radioiodine) has been used for the diagnosis and treatment of benign and malignant conditions of the thyroid gland. The beta particles from ¹³¹I damage and destroy the thyroid partly or completely. Radiation from ¹³¹I has the potential to induce solid cancers and leukemia, but there is no firm evidence of increased cancer risk after a diagnostic scan or treatment for hyperthyroidism. A significantly increased risk of second primary malignancies has been reported with high cumulative activities of ¹³¹I. There is no evidence that treatment with ¹³¹I is associated with infertility in female patients or birth defects in subsequent children. Age at the time of such exposure is the most important factor that influences cancer risks. The thyroid gland of children is very sensitive to radiation, and special precautions should be taken in order to minimize external exposure and contamination of children and pregnant women. Some studies recommend that when ¹³¹I is given to parents of small children, persons other than the patient should take care of the children in the first days after treatment. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has recommended occupational and public dose limits and dose constraints. The European Commission (EC) has suggested more detailed dose constraints for different categories of caregivers.

…children, thyroid cancer after radiation…accident in Chernobyl. There are…of thyroid cancer by external…131 I. The thyroid gland of children…1968 ). The Chernobyl accident has…radiation and thyroid cancer. It has become…

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012374135600100X

Leukaemia incidence after iodine-131 exposure

Title: Leukaemia incidence after iodine-131 exposure
Author: Hall, P. / Lundell, G. / Mattsson, A. / Wiklund, K. / Holm, L.-E. / Lidberg, M. / Boice, J.D., Jr / (…) / Tennvall, J.

Reference: The Lancet, 340 (8810), p.xxviii-4, Jul 1992

doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)92421-B

Keywords:leukaemia, iodine-131

Abstract: One reason for the absence of a radiation effect, other than chance, includes the possible lowering of risk when exposure is protracted over time as occurs with ¹³¹I. Excess leukaemia risks of more than 25% could thus be excluded with high assurance in this population of mainly adults. These results should be reassuring to patients exposed to ¹³¹I in medical practice and to most individuals exposed to the fall-out from the Chernobyl accident.

…hyperthyroidism or thyroid cancer. The observed…fall-out from the Chernobyl accident…treated for thyroid cancer, bone-marrow…fall-out from the Chernobyl accident…from National Cancer Insititute…treatment of thyroid carcinoma Br…

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014067369292421B

Specific activity and activity ratios of radionuclides in soil collected about 20 km from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: Radionuclide release to the south and southwest.

Title:Specific activity and activity ratios of radionuclides in soil collected about 20 km from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: Radionuclide release to the south and southwest.

Author: Tagami, Keiko / Uchida, Shigeo / Uchihori, Yukio / Ishii, Nobuyoshi / Kitamura, Hisashi / Shirakawa, Yoshiyuki

Reference: The Science of the total environment, 409 (22), p.4885-4888, Oct 2011

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.067

Keywords: Radioactivity ratio; Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant; Soil; Cesium-137; Cesium-134; Iodine-131

Abstract: ► Soil samples were collected at about 20 km south of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. ► The concentrations of ¹³¹I, ^{134, 136, 137}Cs and ^129mTe were obtained, but ¹⁰³Ru was not. ► This suggests that noble gasses and volatile radionuclides predominated in the releases. ► Activity ratio of ¹³⁴Cs/¹³⁷Cs from the power plant to the south was abound 0.90.

URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21906779?dopt=Abstract