タグ「radiation exposure」
Title: A study of the staff, working in the Chernobyl zone, and residents of Slavutych (Ukraine) to identify the effects of radiation exposure from the Chernobyl fallout
Author: Brenda J. Rogers and Laura K. Baker
Reference: Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University
Keywords:
Abstract: In October 1999, a research of the following four groups was conducted: 1) the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident (which were directly involved in the work on decontamination), 2) Ukrainian scientists who conducted research in the 30-km exclusion zone, and 3) U.S. scientists who worked in the exclusion zone, and 4) residents of Slavutich (Ukraine), who weren’t affected due to their profession from the Chernobyl fallout.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.nsrl.ttu.edu/chornobyl/rus_radiation_workers.htm
Title: Cytogenetic study on children living in Southern Urals contaminated areas (nuclear incidents 1948–1967)
Author: A Testa, L Padovani, F Mauro, M Appolloni, P Anzidei, L Stronati
Reference: Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, Volume 401, Issues 1–2, 5 June 1998, Pages 193–197
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0027-5107(98)00008-6
Keywords: Southern Urals; Radiation exposure; Cytogenetics; Chromosome aberration
Abstract: As a result of the activities of the first Soviet plutonium production reactor, large territories of the Southern Urals were exposed to radioactive contamination. Three different incidents occurring between 1948 and 1967 lead to major exposure. A total of 280,000 people residing on the contaminated territories were exposed both to external and internal contamination particularly due to the long-lived radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr. The highest doses were received by 28,000 people living on the Techa riverside villages. In the present paper 15 presumably exposed children coming from the Muslyumovo village on the Techa river have been analyzed using conventional cytogenetic procedure in order to assess a radiation-induced damage. The data obtained have been compared to a group of matched unexposed controls. The results show a statistical difference between the two cohorts which suggests a possible residual contamination representing a continuous hazard for the new generations.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0027510798000086
Title: An increased frequency of structural chromosome aberrations in persons present in the vicinity of Chernobyl during and after the reactor accident. Is this effect caused by radiation exposure?
Author: G. Stephan, U. Oestreicher
Reference: Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology, Volume 223, Issue 1, May 1989, Pages 7–12
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1218(89)90057-8
Keywords: Chernobyl; Chromosome aberration; Human; Radiation effect
Abstract: About a week after the reactor accident in Chernobyl, a number of German citizens returned to the Federal Republic of Germany from different places of residence in the U.S.S.R. Chromosome analyses of these individuals show a surprisingly significant increase in dicentric chromosomes in comparison to the laboratory control. Acentrics are nearly twice as frequent as dicentrics. Centric rings are also in evidence. Chromatid breaks do not significantly differ from the control with the exception of 1 place of residence.
The frequency of aberrations is too high to be induced by absorbed doses calculated physically or by modelling techniques. So far, no explanation is available for the discrepancy – a factor of about 100 – between calculated absorbed doses and the measured biological effect.
ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0165121889900578
Reference: Directorate-General Environment, Nuclear Safety, and Civil Protection, 1998. — 30 p.
Abstract: Whole article in English available on web.
URL: http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/radiation_protection/doc/publication/100_en.pdf
Author: A.I. Nyagu, K.N. Loganovsky, R. Pott-Born et al.
Reference: International Journal of Radiation Medicine. — 2004. — Vol. 6, № 1–4. — P. 91–107.
Keywords: Chernobyl accident, brain damage in utero, dosimetry, psychometry, neuropsychiatric and psychological disorders.
Abstract: One of the grave consequences of the Chernobyl accident was the in utero irradiation of children. It was therefore important to study possible effects of prenatal irradiation resulted from the Chernobyl accident on neuromental health of the in utero irradiated children. A cohort of 154 children born between April 26th,1986 and February 26th,1987 to mothers who had been evacuated from Prypiat to Kiev,and 143 classmates from Kiev were examined. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC),the Achenbach and Rutter A(2) tests were used for the children. School performance was also assessed. Mothers were examined with the verbal subscale of the Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale (WAIS),the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS),PTSD scales (Impact of Events Scale and Irritability,Depression,Anxiety Scales) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Neuropsychiatric diseases were diagnosed according to ICD-10. Individual dose reconstruction of the children exposed in utero was carried out considering internal and external exposure. The ICRP Publication-88 was applied for calculation of effective fetal, brain and thyroid internal doses for children of both groups. The mean effective fetal equivalent doses (M±SD) in the exposed group is 65.4±33.9 mSv and in the control group 1.2±0.3 mSv. Prenatal equivalent brain doses were 19.2±11.3 mSv and 0.8±0.2 mSv for the exposed and control groups,respectively. Thyroid doses in utero were 760.4±631.8.1 mSv and 44.5±43.3 mSv for the exposed and control groups,correspondingly. There were 20 children from Pripyat town (13.2%) who had been exposed in utero in total doses >100 mSv and there were 52 children from Pripyat town (33.8%) who had been exposed in utero to thyroid doses >1 Sv. The prenatally exposed children show significantly more diseases of the nervous system and mental disorders. Significant differences on intelligence and emotional and behavioral
disorders of exposed children in comparison to the control group were revealed….
URL: http://www.mns.gov.ua/files/rm/PDF/6_15.pdf
Title: Immigrants from Chernobyl-affected areas in Israel: the link between health and social adjustment
Author: L.I Remennick
Reference: Social Science & Medicine Volume 54, Issue 2, January 2002, Pages 309–317
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00030-2
Keywords: Israel; Chernobyl; Radiation exposure; immigrants (from Chernobyl-affected areas); Cumulative adversity, health effects, social adjustment
Abstract: The concept of cumulative adversity is a useful tool in the study of migration under chronic stress from past traumas. Drawing on this concept, the study explored long-term health and psychosocial effects of past radiation exposure among survivors of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster who immigrated to Israel during the 1990s. Self-rated health status and indicators of social adjustment were compared in two groups of Russian immigrants: 180 persons from Chernobyl-affected areas and 200 immigrants from other areas of the former USSR. The semi-structured questionnaire was administered by Russian-speaking sociology students and analyzed by both quantitative and qualitative methods. In line with earlier research, both the somatic and mental health of Chernobyl survivors were significantly worse than in other immigrants of the same gender and age; a significant share of reported health problems were probably psychosomatic. Depression, sense of stigma and cancer-related anxiety were more prevalent in the study group. Immigrants from contaminated areas tended to use more health services (both conventional and alternative), but were less satisfied with their quality and providers’ attitude. The link between perceived health impairment and poorer social accommodation in the host country has been confirmed: Chernobyl-area immigrants experienced more severe occupational downgrading and were more disappointed with the results of their resettlement than other immigrants.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953601000302
http://www.impact.arq.org/doc/kennisbank/1000011072-1.pdf
Title: Medical management of the acute radiation syndrome
Author: López, Mario / Martín, Margarita
Reference: Reports of Practical Oncology & Radiotherapy, 16 (4), p.138-146, Jul 2011
doi: 10.1016/j.rpor.2011.05.001
Keywords: Acute radiation syndrome; Radiation injury; Radiation exposure; Nuclear accident
Abstract: This review will focus on the clinical aspects of the ARS, using the European triage system (METREPOL) to evaluate the severity of radiation injury, and scoring groups of patients for the general and specific management of the syndrome.
…concentrations for miles around Chernobyl following the accident…Radioiodines are known from Chernobyl data to cause thyroid injury and to be carcinogenic…binding sites within the thyroid and inhibits incorporation…exposed population in Chernobyl. 6 Phases of acute…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1507136711000642
Title: Low prevalence of BRAF mutations in radiation-induced thyroid tumors in contrast to sporadic papillary carcinomas
Author: Nikiforova, Marina N / Ciampi, Raffaele / Salvatore, Giuliana / Santoro, Massimo / Gandhi, Manoj / Knauf, Jeffrey A / Thomas, Gerry A / (…) / Nikiforov, Yuri E
Reference: Cancer Letters, 209 (1), p.1-6, Jun 2004
doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.12.004
Keywords: Thyroid cancer; BRAF mutation; RET/PTC Rearrangement; Radiation exposure
Abstract: Point mutations of the BRAF gene have been recently described with high prevalence in papillary thyroid carcinomas. However, this molecular alteration has not been studied in radiation-induced thyroid tumors. We analyzed the prevalence of BRAF point mutations and RET/PTC rearrangements in 55 post-Chernobyl papillary carcinomas, compared with 82 sporadic papillary carcinomas. Radiation-induced tumors demonstrated a low prevalence (4%) of BRAF point mutations and high prevalence (58%) of RET/PTC rearrangements. Sporadic papillary carcinomas revealed a clearly distinct pattern, with 37% of tumors harboring BRAF mutations and 20% RET/PTC rearrangements. These results demonstrate a significant difference in the molecular genetic profile of sporadic and radiation-induced thyroid tumors.
URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304383503008334
