Author: Loganovsky K., Bomko M.
Reference: Abstracts of the 8th International LOWRAD Conference «The effects of low doses and very low doses of ionizing radiation on human health and biotopes», 28– 30 September 2009, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. — Rio de Janeiro, 2009. — P. 116
Author: Balonov M.I.
Reference: Bulletin “РАДИАЦИЯ И РИСК” (Radiation and risk), 2006
ISSN: 0131-3878
Keywords: radiation level in environment, radioecology
Abstract: The Chernobyl Forum (September, 2005) concluded that in 20 years after the Chernobyl accident along with reduction of radiation levels and accumulation of humanitarian consequences severe social and economic depression of the affected regions and associated serious psychological problems became the most significant problems. The majority of the 600000 emergency and recovery operation workers and five million residents of the contaminated areas in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine received relatively minor radiation doses which are comparable with the natural levels. An exception is a cohort of several hundred emergency and recovery operation workers who received high radiation doses, of whom 28 died in 1986 due to acute radiation sickness and it consequences. Except dramatic increase in thyroid cancer morbidity in those exposed to radioiodine in their childhood and some increase in leukaemia and solid cancer morbidity among emergency and recovery operation workers with high radiation dose no evident growth of radiation-associated cancer diseases and leukaemia was detected in other groups of population. Radiation levels in the environment have reduced by a factor of several hundred since 1986, this ensures that the majority of the previously contaminated land in now safe for life and economic activities. Despite unprecedented scale and character of the Chernobyl accident its consequences for health and life of the affected population are significantly less compared with A-bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Findings of research of consequences of the Chernobyl accident made invaluable contribution to the development of nuclear technology and safety, radioecology, radiation medicine, radiological protection and social sciences. The Chernobyl accident initiated development of the global nuclear safety and radiation protection regime.
Author: V.G. Volkov, L.I. Bykovskaya, G.G. Gorodetsky, Yu.A. Zverkov etc.
Reference: Doza, Moskva, 2004
ISSN: 2075-1338
Keywords: rehabilitation of objects and the land of the contaminated area
Abstract:
Author: V.P.Malyshev (Strategic Research Centre for Civil Protection, Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Moscow)
Reference: “Деловой экспресс”, 2011
ISSN: 1812-5220
Keywords: ecologic rehabilitation, decontamination, moral questions, safety, protection of people against radiation
Abstract: The author observes the Chernobyl disaster from moral, scientific and human rights-related viewpoints. The article also describes the liquidation and rehabilitation after the disaster, as well as the reality of the protection of people exerted by the authorities.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=16369142
Title:Forests and forestry: radiation protection measures with special reference to the Chernobyl accident zone
Author: F.A. Tikhomirov, A.I. Shcheglov, V.P. Sidorov
Reference: Science of The Total Environment, Volume 137, Issues 1–3, 2–4 September 1993, Pages 289-305
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(93)90395-M
Keywords: Chernobyl; radiation protection; countermeasures; forest management
Abstract: A large proportion of the area contaminated by the Chernobyl accident in the former USSR is forested and has presented unique problems when considering appropriate post-contamination management and clean-up techniques. These problems are related to the forest’s role as both a source and sink for radioactive contamination. Although it has been suggested that resuspension from forested areas may provide a secondary source of contamination to adjacent land, data collected after the Kyshtym and Chernobyl accidents suggest that forest ecosystems may also be effective in limiting the further spread of contamination away from the point of initial deposition and that this effect will increase over time. Such evidence serves to highlight the importance of these ecosystems in influencing the behaviour of radionuclides immediately after their release to the environment. Management practices for forested areas adopted since 1986 are described and a critical appraisal is presented of engineering-based countermeasures implemented over the initial post-accident period. These were intended to remove large quantities of contaminated materials from the forest environment. However, it is suggested that the natural processes of self-decontamination of trees and forest floor litter layers are sufficiently rapid and efficient to necessitate radical alterations to the technologically based approaches adopted in the first 2 years after the Chernobyl accident.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/004896979390395M
Title: Justification of remediation strategies in the long term after the Chernobyl accident
Author: S. Fesenko, P. Jacob, A. Ulanovsky, A. Chupov, I. Bogdevich, N. Sanzharova, V. Kashparov, A. Panov, Yu. Zhuchenka
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 119, May 2013, Pages 39-47
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2010.08.012
Keywords: Chernobyl accident; Caesium; Ionizing radiation; Radiation protection; Rehabilitation; Remediation
Abstract: Following the accident at the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl a number of different remedial actions were developed and implemented in Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine. Recommendations on the application of countermeasures and remedial actions were published by the IAEA as “Guidelines for agricultural countermeasures following an accidental release of radionuclides” in 1994. Since then, new information on the behaviour of radionuclides in the environment and effectiveness of countermeasures in the long term has been obtained and reviewed by many projects, including the Chernobyl Forum. Additionally, new approaches to derive remediation strategies were developed and successfully implemented in the most affected countries. This paper describes a justification of the remediation strategies suggested for rehabilitation of the areas most affected by the Chernobyl accident based on this experience.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X10001992
Title: Facts and Controversies About Radiation Exposure, Part 1: Controlling Unnecessary Radiation Exposures
Author: Strzelczyk, Jadwiga (Jodi) / Damilakis, John / Marx, M. Victoria / Macura, Katarzyna J.
Reference: Journal of the American College of Radiology, 3 (12), p.924-931, Dec 2006
doi: 10.1016/j.jacr.2006.07.009
Keywords: Radiation exposure; radiation protection; stochastic effects of radiation; deterministic effects of radiation; radiation biology; radiation epidemiology ,The Chernobyl Legacy
Abstract: In this 2-part article, the authors address the need to put in perspective the risks of radiation exposure in the rapidly changing field of radiology, considering the current state of knowledge of effects at low levels. The article is based on the content of the refresher course RC 516 presented at the Radiological Society of North America’s 2005 annual meeting. After a brief review of epidemiologic studies, part 1 contains a discussion of typical radiation doses experienced in medicine, by both patients and professionals, and it concludes with a description of practical approaches to reduce unnecessary exposures. Part 2 of the article addresses a special concern for the unborn and discusses advisory and regulatory cancer risk estimates based mainly on epidemiologic studies. The limitations of epidemiologic studies at low-level exposures and recent new findings in radiobiology, some of which are summarized, challenge the notion that any amount of radiation causes adverse effects.
…consequences of the Chernobyl accident, there…1,800 cases of thyroid cancer in children [ 5…the accident, the Chernobyl Forum, consisting…update document on Chernobyl legacy [ 8 ]. Thyroid cancer in children, linked…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1546144006003978
Title: Comparative radiation impact on biota and man in the area affected by the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
Author: Fesenko, S V / Alexakhin, R M / Geras’kin, S A / Sanzharova, N I / Spirin, Ye V / Spiridonov, S I / Gontarenko, I A / Strand, P
Reference: Journal of environmental radioactivity, 80 (1), p.1-25, Jan 2005
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.08.011
Keywords: Radiation protection; Chernobyl accident; Radiation impact; Non-human species; Man
Abstract: A methodological approach for a comparative assessment of ionising radiation effects on man and non-human species, based on the use of Radiation Impact Factor (RIF) – ratios of actual exposure doses to biota species and man to critical dose is described. As such doses, radiation safety standards limiting radiation exposure of man and doses at which radiobiological effects in non-human species were not observed after the Chernobyl accident, were employed. For the study area within the 30 km ChNPP zone dose burdens to 10 reference biota groups and the population (with and without evacuation) and the corresponding RIFs were calculated. It has been found that in 1986 (early period after the accident) the emergency radiation standards for man do not guarantee adequate protection of the environment, some species of which could be affected more than man. In 1991 RIFs for man were considerably (by factor of 20.0–1.1 × 105) higher compared with those for selected non-human species. Thus, for the long term after the accident radiation safety standards for man are shown to ensure radiation safety for biota as well.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X04002620
Author: Harbron, Richard William
Reference: Radiography, 18 (1), p.28-33, Feb 2012
doi: 10.1016/j.radi.2011.07.003
Keywords: Cancer; Epidemiology; Radiobiology; Non-targeted effects; Hypersensitivity; Radiation protection
Abstract: …radiation induced breast cancer beyond the age of 50…the variation in breast cancer risk with age suggests…occurs. 41 Radiogenic thyroid cancer ERR decreases strongly with age in the LSS and Chernobyl data 10,43 though the…
URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1078817411000691