タグ「thyroid cancer (child)」
Title: Health effects of the Chernobyl accident: an overview
Author:
Reference: WHO News letterNo.3 April 2006
Keywords:
Abstract: Thyroid cancer:A large increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer has occurred among people who were young children and adolescents at the time of the accident and lived in the most contaminated areas of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. This was due to the high levels of radioactive iodine released from the Chernobyl reactor in the early days after the accident. Radioactive iodine was deposited in pastures eaten by cows who then concentrated it in their milk which was subsequently drunk by children. This was further exacerbated by a general iodine deficiency in the local diet causing more of the radioactive iodine to be accumulated in the thyroid. Since radioactive iodine is short lived, if people had stopped giving locally supplied contaminated milk to children for a few months following the accident, it is likely that most of the increase in radiation-induced thyroid cancer would not have resulted.In Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine nearly 5 000 cases of thyroid cancer have now been diagnosed to date among children who were aged up to 18 years at the time of the accident. …
URL: http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/backgrounder/en/index.html
Title: Childhood thyroid diseases around Chernobyl evaluated by ultrasound examination and fine needle aspiration cytology.
Author: Ito M, Yamashita S, Ashizawa K, Namba H, Hoshi M, Shibata Y, Sekine I, Nagataki S, Shigematsu I. Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan.
Reference: Thyroid. 1995 Oct;5(5):365-8.
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: Screening by ultrasound examination and fine-needle aspiration cytological biopsy (FNA) was conducted in five regions in Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia to investigate the prevalence of childhood thyroid diseases around Chernobyl. Gomel, Zhitomir, Kiev, and the western area of Bryansk are the administrative regions where severe radioactive contamination occurred. The subjects from Mogilev, where contamination was relatively low, served as controls. Among 55,054 subjects (26,406 boys and 28,648 girls), the prevalence of ultrasonographic thyroid abnormalities such as nodule, cyst, and abnormal echogenity was significantly higher in the regions with severe contamination than in Mogilev. Of the 1,396 children showing echographic thyroid abnormalities 197 were selected for FNA, and a sample was successfully obtained for diagnosis from 171 (51 boys and 120 girls) of the 197 subjects. The aspirate was insufficient for diagnosis in the remaining 26 subjects. Thyroid cancer was encountered in four children (2.3%) from the contaminated regions, two children being from Gomel. The other thyroid diseases were follicular neoplasm, 6.4%; adenomatous goiter, 18.7%; chronic thyroiditis, 31.0%; and cyst, 24.0%, suggesting that a major cause of thyroid nodularity is nonneoplastic changes, mainly chronic thyroiditis and cysts. These results will serve as an important data base for further analyses and suggest that childhood thyroid diseases, including both neoplasms and immunological disorders, are consequences of radioactive fallout.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8563473
Title: Well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid
Author: Boone, Ryan T / Fan, Chun-Yang / Hanna, Ehab Y
Reference: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 36 (1), p.73-90, Feb 2003
doi: 10.1016/S0030-6665(02)00127-5
Keywords: Fine needle aspiration biopsy, Staging, Pathology, Papillary carcinoma, Follicular carcinoma, Hurthle cell carcinoma, Treatment, Thyroidectomy, Neck dissection, Adjuvant treatment, Prognosis, Special considerations, Cancer of the thyroid in children, Cancer of the thyroid during pregnancy
Abstract: …family history of thyroid disease or cancer is important in…underlying undiagnosed thyroid disease. A nodule…aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear accident…duration of the thyroid mass and any associated…patients with thyroid cancer as they usually…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030666502001275
Title: Summaries of articles in this issue Thyroid cancer in Ukraine after the Chernobyl accident
Author: W F Heidenreich
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 24 (3), Sep 2004
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/24/3/E01
Keywords:
Abstract: et al (283–293) The rate of incidence of childhood thyroid cancer in northern Ukraine during 1986–98 is described as a function of time-since-exposure, age-at-exposure and sex. After a minimum latent period of about three years, the excess absolute risk (EAR) coefficient (EAR/Gy) shows a linear rise with time-since-exposure for at least nine years, and is roughly constant with ageat- exposure up to 15 years. The EAR coefficient is greater for girls, by about a factor of two at very young ages, which increases to about five for ages-at-exposure of 16–18 years. In terms of absolute risk, the thyroid of young children is not more sensitive to radiation-induced cancer than the thyroid of older children. Since the background risk of thyroid cancer in increasing with attained age, a constant absolute risk implies a decreasing relative risk.
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/24/3/E01/pdf/0952-4746_24_3_E01.pdf
Title: United States-assisted studies on dose reconstruction in the former Soviet Union
Author: Anspaugh, L.R. / Bouville, A.
Reference: Dec 1995 Conference: 1. international conference of the European Commission, Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine on the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, Minsk
Keywords: childhood-thyroid cancer leukemia
Abstract: Following the Chernobyl accident, the US and the USSR entered into an agreement to work on the safety of civilian nuclear reactors; one aspect of that work was to study the environmental transport and health effects of radionuclides released by the accident. After the break-up of the USSR separate agreements were established between the US and Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia to continue work on dose reconstruction and epidemiologic studies of health effects from exposure to external radiation and the incorporation of radionuclides. Studies in Belarus and Ukraine related to the Chernobyl accident now emphasize epidemiologic: studies of childhood-thyroid cancer and leukemia, and eye-lens-cataract formation in liquidators. Supporting studies on dose reconstruction emphasize a variety of ecological, physical, and biological techniques. Studies being conducted in Russia currently emphasize health effects in the workers and the population around the Mayak Industrial Association. As this production complex is an analogue of the US Hanford Works, advantage is being taken of the US experience in conducting a similar, recently completed dose-reconstruction study. In all cases the primary work on dose reconstruction is being performed by scientists from the former Soviet Union. US assistance is in the form of expert consultation and participation, exchange visits, provision of supplies and equipment, and other forms of local assistance.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=206957
Title: Chapter 10 – Childhood Thyroid Carcinoma
Author: Harness, Jay K. / Sahar, David E.
Reference: Textbook of Endocrine Surgery, Jan 2005
ISBN:9780721601397
Keywords: children
Abstract: …appearance of thyroid cancer ranges from…after the Chernobyl accident…follicular cancer. A tumor…role of a thyroid-specific…radiation-induced (Chernobyl accident…shown in thyroid tumors…to thyroid cancer cells…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780721601397500144
Title: Microsoft Word – imanaka-1.doc Chernobyl NPP Accident: What Did Happen?
Author: IMANAKA Tetsuji
Reference: [PDF-956K]Apr 2009 Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University
Keywords: childhood-thyroid cancer
Abstract:More than twenty years have passed since the worst accident in the history of nuclear power development occurred at the 4th block of the Chernobyl NPP in the former USSR. Although a lot of reports and books have been published about the Chernobyl accident, there are still remain unresolved issues about the physical sequences that led the reactor to the nuclear excursion and the nature of the explosion that destroyed the reactor and the building. From the present author’s point of view, the main causes of the accident were two defects of the RBMK reactor design: positive void coefficient for reactivity and positive-scram of the control rods. Under an extreme condition of the reactor core, positive scram effect appeared at first when the scram button (AZ-5) was turn on at 01:23:39 April 26, 1986, which, combining with the positive void coefficient, caused the power excursion and destroyed the reactor. Long-term effects of radioactive contamination by the Chernobyl accident were also discussed in the present paper.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/Chernobyl/kek07-1.pdf
Title: Thyroid surgery in children and adolescents
Author: Astl, Jaromír / Dvořáková, Marcela / Vlček, Petr / Veselý, David / Matucha, Petr / Betka, Jan
Reference: International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 68 (10), p.1273-1278, Oct 2004
doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2004.04.024
Keywords: Children; Adolescents; Thyroid diseases; Surgery indication; Total thyroidectomy; Hemithyroidectomy
Abstract: …for the origin of malignant thyroid diseases ionizing radiation…6] about the incidence of thyroid cancer in children after the Chernobyl disaster. Many papers discuss…and pediatric examination. Thyroid (neck) ultrasound, completed…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165587604001491
Title: Frequent adverse events after treatment for childhood-onset differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a single institute experience
Author: van Santen, H.M / Aronson, D.C / Vulsma, T / Tummers, R.F.H.M / Geenen, M.M / de Vijlder, J.J.M / van den Bos, C
Reference: European Journal of Cancer, 40 (11), p.1743-1751, Jul 2004
doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.03.006
Keywords: Differentiated thyroid cancer; Childhood; Adolescence; Complications; Late effects
Abstract: …proven to cause childhood thyroid carcinoma. Examples of radiation-induced thyroid cancer are patients who previously…Ukraine-region, following the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, an increased incidence of thyroid cancer, mainly of the papillary…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804904002102
Title: Chapter 9 Thyroid neoplasms in children and adolescents
Author: Hung, Wellington
Reference: Advances in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 4, p.171-188, Jan 2006
doi: 10.1016/S1569-2566(04)04009-8
Abstract: …increases the percentage of papillary thyroid carcinomas [4] . From 1920…and subsequent development of thyroid cancer. The thyroid gland during childhood is highly…at the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine on April 26, 1986…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569256604040098
