Analysis of Blood Lymphocyte Subsets in Children Living around Chernobyl Exposed Long-Term to Low Doses of Cesium-137 and Various Doses of Iodine-131

Title: Analysis of Blood Lymphocyte Subsets in Children Living around Chernobyl Exposed Long-Term to Low Doses of Cesium-137 and Various Doses of Iodine-131

Author: Eugene V. Vykhovanets, Victor P. Chernyshov, Igor I. Slukvin, Yury G. Antipkin, Alexander Vasyuk, and Valerey Colos

Reference: Radiation Research June 2000 : Vol. 153, Issue 6 (Jun 2000), pg(s) 760-772

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1667/0033-7587(2000)153[0760:AOBLSI]2.0.CO;2

Keywords : blood lymphocyte, children, low doses, cesium-137, iodine-131

Abstract: Epidemiological studies have found that children living around Chernobyl have rates of respiratory tract illness that are higher than those seen in the area before the Chernobyl accident. The present study investigates the possible effects of radiation exposure on the composition of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in children living around Chernobyl. Two hundred nineteen healthy children and children suffering from recurrent respiratory diseases aged 6–14 years who received both low doses of radiation to the whole body from ¹³⁷Cs and various doses of radiation to the thyroid from ¹³¹I as fallout from the accident were assessed 5 (1991) and 8–10 years (1994–1996) after the accident. A total of 148 healthy children and children suffering from recurrent respiratory diseases living in noncontaminated areas were also evaluated as controls. Children with recurrent respiratory diseases who lived around Chernobyl had a significantly lower percentage of T cells and a higher percentage of NK cells compared to control children with recurrent respiratory diseases during the study period. In contrast to the findings in 1991, a significant decrease in the percentage of helper-inducer cells was observed in children with recurrent respiratory diseases in 1994–1996. In contrast to 1991, there is a positive correlation between the percentage of helper-inducer cells, the helper-inducer/cytotoxic-suppressor cell ratio, and the dose of radiation to the thyroid of healthy children from ¹³¹I in 1994–1996. There was a positive correlation between the dose of radiation to the thyroid from ¹³¹I and the percentage of helper-inducer cells in children with recurrent respiratory diseases 5 years (1991) after the accident. Further, the dose of radiation to the thyroid from ¹³¹I correlated negatively with the percentage of T and B cells and positively with the percentage of NK cells in children with recurrent respiratory diseases 8–10 years (1994–1996) after the accident. These results raise the possibility that long-term exposure to low doses of ¹³⁷Cs may have altered the composition of the T-cell subsets and NK cells in children with recurrent respiratory diseases. The differences in the composition of the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets between healthy children and those with recurrent respiratory diseases may be attributed to long-term low-dose exposure of the whole body to radiation from ¹³⁷Cs and exposure of the thyroid to radiation from ¹³¹I subsequent to the Chernobyl accident.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1667/0033-7587%282000%29153%5B0760%3AAOBLSI%5D2.0.CO%3B2?prevSearch=chernobyl%2Bobstetrics&searchHistoryKey=&queryHash=93d611a9bfec5beb1e2f82cb49cf110e

Ecological problems of Chernobyl

Author: Slinchak　A.I.

Reference: Journal: Journal of the Pskov State University. Series: Natural and physical and mathematical sciences, Year: 2007, Issue 2

Keywords: radioactive contamination, iodine, cesium-137, strontium-90

Abstract: [… The dynamics of radioactive contamination of the affected areas are divided into four periods:

1 – April-July 1986, the condition of radiation contamination was constituted, mainly short-lived radionuclides such as iodine-131, iodine-133, iodine-135, lanthanum-140, barium-140, molybdenum-99, tellurium-132, and neptunium-239; radionuclides with a half-life of 1 year; 2 – 1986-1987., Along with the long-lived radionuclides, were present, in appreciable quantities, radionuclides serenium-144, ruthenium-106, cesium-134, and curium-242; 3 – Since 1988 the radioactive situation has been constituted mainly by radionuclides cesium-137 and strontium-90, and in the evacuation zone; plutonium-238, plutonium-239, plutonium-240 and plutonium-241; 4 – contamination of soil, except those specified in the third period of radionuclides, will be determined by the daughter isotope Pu-241 – americium-241. ..]

URL: http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekologicheskie-problemy-chernobylya

Iodine concentration in current Japanese foods and beverages

Title: Iodine concentration in current Japanese foods and beverages

Author: Kikuchi Y, Takebayashi T, Sasaki S.

Reference: Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2008; 63: 724–734

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1265/jjh.63.724

Keywords: iodine, Japan, food

Abstract: In the present study, we determined iodine concentration in commonly consumed foods in Japan.

URL: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjh/63/4/63_4_724/_article/-char/ja/

THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF CONDITION OF IODIC EXCHANGE OF TAMBOV REGION POPULATION OF TERRITORY POLLUTED BY RADIO NUCLIDES

Title: THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF CONDITION OF IODIC EXCHANGE OF TAMBOV REGION POPULATION OF TERRITORY POLLUTED BY RADIO NUCLIDES

Author: Bondarev Vitaliy Vladimirovich

Reference: Journal　«ВЕСТНИК ТАМБОВСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ: ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ» NO.1-17: 2012

ISSN: 1810-0198

Keywords: RADIATION, RADIONUCLIDES, THYROID GLAND, ESSENTIAL MICROELEMENT IODINE, PITUITARY-THYROID SYSTEM

Abstract: The estimation of a condition of the microelement status at the inhabitants living in territory polluted by radio nuclides which was exposed to radiating influence as a result of emergency situations on the Chernobyl NPP (inhabitants of Sosnovsky and Petrovsky areas of the Tambov region) is given. During research the microelement status and a functional condition of pituitary-thyroid system has been estimated.

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17686370

THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF CONDITION OF THYROID SYSTEM AND MICROELEMENT STATUS OF POPULATION OF TAMBOV REGION IN TERRITORY POLLUTED BY RADIO NUCLIDES

Title: THE COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF CONDITION OF THYROID SYSTEM AND MICROELEMENT STATUS OF POPULATION OF TAMBOV REGION IN TERRITORY POLLUTED BY RADIO NUCLIDES

Author: Bondаrev Vitaliy Vladimirovich, Malysheva Elena Vladimirovna, Gulin Alexander Vladimirovich

Reference: Journal　“ВЕСТНИК ТАМБОВСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА. СЕРИЯ: ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ»　No.5-16　2011

ISSN: 1810-0198

Keywords: RADIATION, RADIONUCLIDES, THYROID GLAND, ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS IODINE, PITUITARY-THYROID SYSTEM, THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH), FREE THYROXINE (FT4), FREE THREEIODOTHYRONINE (FT3),   THYROGLOBULIN (TG)

Abstract:  The estimation of a condition of the microelement status at the inhabitants living in territory polluted by radio nuclides which was exposed to radiating influence as a result of emergency situations on the Chernobyl NPP (inhabitants of Sosnovsky and Petrovsky areas of the Tambov region) is given. During research the microelement status and a functional condition gipofizarno-tireoide systems has been estimated.

URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17069046

Iodine and thyroid gland with or without nuclear catastrophe

Title: Iodine and thyroid gland with or without nuclear catastrophe

Author: Dilas LT, Bajkin I, Icin T, Paro JN, Zavisić BK.

Klinicki centar Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Klinika za endokrinologiju, dijabetes i bolesti metabolizma, Medicinski fakultet Novi Sad.

Reference: Med Pregl. 2012 Nov-Dec;65(11-12):489-95.

doi:

Keywords:

Abstract: Iodine, as a trace element, is a necessary and limiting substrate for thyroid gland hormone synthesis. It is an essential element that enables the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones and Iodine Metabolism. Three iodine molecules are added to make triiodothyronine, and four for thyroxine – the two key hormones produced by the thyroid gland. Iodine deficiency The proper daily amount of iodine is required for optimal thyroid function. Iodine deficiency can cause hypothyroidism, developmental brain disorders and goiter. Iodine deficiency is the single most common cause of preventable mental retardation and brain damage in the world. It also decreases child survival, causes goiters, and impairs growth and development. Iodine deficiency disorders in pregnant women cause miscarriages, stillbirths, and other complications. Children with iodine deficiency disorders can grow up stunted, apathetic, mentally retarded, and incapable of normal movements, speech or hearing. Excessive Iodine Intake. Excessive iodine intake, which can trigger a utoimmune thyroid disease and dysfunction. is on the other side. Iodine use in Case of Nuclear Catastrophe. In addition to other severe consuquences of radioactivity, high amount of radioactive iodine causes significant increase in incidence of thyroid gland carcinoma after some of the nuclear catastrophes (Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Chernobyl, Fukushima). The incidence of thyroid carcinoma was increased mostly in children. This paper was aimed at clarifying some of the possibilities of prevention according to the recommendations given by the World Health Organization.

URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23297615

129I in lakes of the Chernobyl fallout region and its environmental implications

Title: ¹²⁹I in lakes of the Chernobyl fallout region and its environmental implications

Author: N Buraglio, A Aldahan, G Possnert

Reference: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, Volume 55, Issue 5, November 2001, Pages 715-720

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8043(00)00353-5

Keywords: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS); Iodine; Deposition; Chernobyl; Reprocessing facilities

Abstract: We present seasonal results of ¹²⁹I in fresh-water lakes located in central Sweden, an area over which the amount of fallout deposition from the Chernobyl accident varied significantly (2–120 kBq/m² for ¹³⁷Cs). ¹²⁹I concentrations in the lakes ranged from 2.1 to 15.0×10⁸ atoms per liter and did not show elevated concentration in lakes located in regions of high Chernobyl fallout. Apparently, the studied region is strongly influenced by ¹²⁹I releases from the reprocessing facilities through precipitation. Desorption or resuspension of ¹²⁹I from soils and sediments does not seem to be an active process to increase the concentration of ¹²⁹I in the lakes.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804300003535

Guidelines for Iodine　Prophylaxis following　Nuclear Accidents　Update 1999 Guide.PDF.

Title: Guidelines for Iodine　Prophylaxis following　Nuclear Accidents　Update 1999 Guide.PDF.

Reference: WHO  [PDF-96K]Apr 2003
Keywords: IODINE, Radiation injuries, Disaster planning, THYROID GLAND, GUIDELINES

Abstract: Intervention levels for emergency response are for national authorities to　decide, but the latest information suggests that stable iodine prophylaxis for children up to the age of 18 years be considered at 10 mGy, that is 1/10th of the generic intervention level expressed in the International basic safety standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. For adults over 40, the scientific evidence suggests that stable iodine prophylaxis not be recommended unless doses to the thyroid from inhalation are expected to exceed levels that would threaten thyroid function. This is because the risk of radiation induced thyroid carcinoma in this group is very low while, on the other hand, the risk of side effects increases with age. The latest information on the balance of risks and benefits will also need to be properly considered in the plans for any distribution and storage of stable iodine. It suggests that stockpiling is warranted, when feasible, over much wider areas than normally encompassed by emergency planning zones, and that the opportunity for voluntary purchase be part of national plans.

URL: http://www.who.int/ionizing_radiation/pub_meet/Iodine_Prophylaxis_guide.pdf

129 I and 36 Cl concentrations in lichens collected in 1990 from three regions around chernobyl

Title: 129 I and 36 Cl concentrations in lichens collected in 1990 from three regions around chernobyl
Author: Chant, L.A. / Andrews, H.R. / Cornett, R.J. / Koslowsky, V. / Milton, J.C.D. / Van Den Berg, G.J. / Verburg, T.G. / Wolterbeek, H.Th.

Reference: Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 47 (9-10), p.933-937, Sep 1996
doi: 10.1016/S0969-8043(96)00090-5

Keywords:

Abstract: …used to relate thyroid cancer incidence to exposure to Chernobyl contamination…Reply to thyroid cancer after Cbernobyl…chronists of the Chernobyl accident…1992) Thyroid cancer after Chernobyl. Nature 359…

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969804396000905

A new approach to reactor safety goals in the framework of INES

Title: A new approach to reactor safety goals in the framework of INES

Author: Saji, Genn

Reference: Reliability Engineering & System Safety, 80 (2), p.143-161, May 2003

doi: 10.1016/S0951-8320(03)00025-5

Keywords: IODINE ,DISASTER PLANNING,THYROID GLAND,GUIDELINES

Abstract: Intervention levels for emergency response are for national authorities to decide, but the latest information suggests that stable iodine prophylaxis for children up to the age of 18 years be considered at 10 mGy, that is 1/10th of the generic intervention level expressed in the International basic safety standards for protection against ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. For adults over 40, the scientific evidence suggests that stable iodine prophylaxis not be recommended unless doses to the thyroid from inhalation are expected to exceed levels that would threaten thyroid function. This is because the risk of radiation induced thyroid carcinoma in this group is very low while, on the other hand, the risk of side effects increases with age. The latest information on the balance of risks and benefits will also need to be properly considered in the plans for any distribution and storage of stable iodine. It suggests that stockpiling is warranted, when feasible, over much wider areas than normally encompassed by emergency planning zones, and that the opportunity for voluntary purchase be part of national plans.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832003000255