The impact of ionizing radiation on placental trophoblasts

Title: The impact of ionizing radiation on placental trophoblasts

Author: D.J. Kanter, M.B. O’Brien, X.-H. Shi, T. Chu, T. Mishima, S. Beriwal, M.W. Epperly, P. Wipf, J.S. Greenberger, Y. Sadovsky

Reference: Placenta, Volume 35, Issue 2, February 2014, Pages 85-91

doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2013.12.011

Keywords : Placenta; Trophoblast; Ionizing radiation; Microarray; JP4-039

Abstract: Exposure to low-dose radiation is widespread and attributable to natural sources. However, occupational, medical, accidental, and terrorist-related exposures remain a significant threat. Information on radiation injury to the feto-placental unit is scant and largely observational. We hypothesized that radiation causes trophoblast injury, and alters the expression of injury-related transcripts in vitro or in vivo, thus affecting fetal growth.

ＵＲＬ: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0143400413008710

Genomic instability in chidren born after the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident (in vivo and in vitro studies)

Title: Genomic instability in chidren born after the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident (in vivo and in vitro studies)

Author: A. V. Aghajanyan, I. I. Suskov

Reference: Russian Journal of Genetics , June 2010, Volume 46, Issue 6, pp 740-749

DOI: 10.1134/S1022795410060153

Keywords :

Abstract: Analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes in children born after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in the period from 1987 to 2004 (permanent residents of territories contaminated with radionuclides, n = 92; and children of irradiated fathers-liquidators, n = 88) revealed increased levels of aberrant cells (ACs) and aberrations of the chromosomal type as compared to the control (P < 0.05). In three subgroups of children with different initial AC frequencies (children with high AC frequencies, ≥3%; children with medium AC frequencies, 2%; and children with low AC frequencies, ≤1%), the levels of aberrations of the chromosomal type are increased as compared to the control (P < 0.05). The levels of aberrant cells and chromosome aberrations (CAs) in the subgroup of children with ≥3% frequencies significantly differ from those in the subgroup of children with ≤1% AC frequencies. No dependence of the AC and CA frequencies on the year of birth after the Chernobyl accident was revealed. After fractional and single γ-irradiation (137Cs) of blood in vitro in the 10–30 cGy dose range, the average CA frequencies in the first and second mitoses increased in a similar way depending on the initial AC frequencies in the children and parents. All these results suggest an individual character of genomic instability induced by low radiation doses and its transgenerational phenomenon in the organisms of children.

ＵＲＬ：http://link.springer.com/article/10.1134/S1022795410060153

X-rays induce distinct patterns of somatic mutation in fetal versus adult hematopoietic cells

Title: X-rays induce distinct patterns of somatic mutation in fetal versus adult hematopoietic cells

Author: Li Liang, Li Deng, Marc S. Mendonca, Yanping Chen, Betty Zheng, Peter J. Stambrook, Changshun Shao, Jay A. Tischfield

Reference: DNA Repair, Volume 6, Issue 9, 1 September 2007, Pages 1380–1385

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2007.04.005

Keywords: Ionizing radiation; Prenatal exposure; Mitotic recombination; Base excision repair; Developmental stage

Abstract: There are a variety of mechanisms and pathways whereby cells safeguard their genomes in the face of environmental insults that damage DNA. Whether each of these pathways is equally robust at specific developmental stages in mammals and whether they are also modulated in a tissue-specific manner, however, are unclear. Here, we report that ionizing radiation (IR) produces different types of somatic mutations in fetal cells compared with adult cells of the same lineage. While 1 Gy of X-ray significantly induced intragenic point mutations in T cells of adult mice, no point mutational effect was observed when applied to fetuses. Fetal exposure to IR, on the other hand, led to a significant elevation of mitotic recombination in T cells, which was not observed in adults. Base excision repair (BER) activity was significantly lower in fetal hematopoietic cells than in adult cells, due to a low level of DNA polymerase β, the rate-limiting enzyme in BER. In fetal hematopoietic cells, this low BER activity, together with a high rate of proliferation, causes X-ray-induced DNA lesions, such as base damage, single strand breaks and double strand breaks, to be repaired by homologous recombination, which we observe as mitotic recombination. Higher BER activity and a relatively lower rate of cell proliferation likely contribute to the significant induction of DNA point mutations in adults. Thus, the mutational response to IR is at least partly determined by the availability of specific repair pathways and other developmentally regulated phenotypes, such as mitotic index.

ＵＲＬ：http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568786407001693

NEUROMENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN IRRADIATED IN UTERO AS A RESULT OF THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER

Title: NEUROMENTAL HEALTH OF CHILDREN IRRADIATED IN UTERO AS A RESULT OF THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER

Author: Nyagu A I, Loganovskaja T K, Loganovsky K N

Reference: Укр. мед. часопис. (Ukrainian Medical Journal) , №2 (16) III – IV 2000 г.

Keywords: brain damage in utero, Chernobyl accident, neuromental health, etiopathogenesis, prenatal irradiation

Abstract: An integrated estimation of neuromental health of children acutely exposed to prenatal irradiation was performed. One hundred children, who were born between 26 April 1986 and 26 February 1987 from pregnant at the moment of the Chernobyl disaster women evacuated from the city of Pripyat after the accident were examined (main group). Doses of fetus irradiation were 10,7–92,5 mSv and doses of fetus thyroid irradiation were 0,2–2 Gy. Comparison group included 50 children from Kiev of the same age which mother’s pregnancies took place in Kiev (doses of fetus irradiation were 0–2,7 mSv and doses of fetus thyroid irradiation were 0–0,04 Gy).

URL:http://www.umj.com.ua/article/2187/nejropsixicheskoe-zdorove-vnutriutrobno-obluchennyx-detej-vsledstvie-chernobylskoj-katastrofy#en

Intellectual development, mental and behavioural disorders in the children whose mothers were exposed to pathogenic radioecological and psychosocial factors as a result of Chernobyl accident at the different stages of pregnancy

Title: Intellectual development, mental and behavioural disorders in the children whose mothers were exposed to pathogenic radioecological and psychosocial factors as a result of Chernobyl accident at the different stages of pregnancy

Author: Igumnov S.A., Drozdovitch V.V.

Reference: Journal: Radiation and Risk (Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry), Year: 1999 Issue: 11

Keywords: intellectual development, mental disorders, behavioral disorders, children, mothers, the impact of pathogenic factors, the impact of radio-ecological factors, the impact of psychosocial factors, pregnancy

Abstract: The study examined psychological development in 187 children at the age of 6-7 and 10-11, who had suffered prenatal radiation exposure at the time of the Chernobyl accident in 1986.

URL:http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/intellektualnoe-razvitie-osobennosti-psihicheskih-i-povedencheskih-rasstroystv-u-detey-materi-kotoryh-podverglis-vozdeystviyu

Reproductive health of adolescent girls living in areas of low doses of radiation

Title: Reproductive health of adolescent girls living in areas of low doses of radiation

Author: Zolotuhina, Irina Vladimirovna

Reference: Moscow, 2004

Keywords: small doses of radiation, reproductive health, adolescent girls, recovery, children, adolescents, Bryansk region, obstetrics, gynecology

Abstract: The purpose of the study: to study the effect of small doses of radiation on the reproductive health of adolescent girls in order to develop a set of measures for conservation and restoration.

URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/reproduktivnoe-zdorove-devushek-podrostkov-prozhivayushchikh-v-zonakh-vozdeistviya-malykh-do

The dependence of incidence rates of non-cancer thyroid diseases in the post-natal period at the Kaluga oblast children from term gestation, on which has taken place them in utero irradiation owing to technogenic iodine-131 incorporation

Title: The dependence of incidence rates of non-cancer thyroid diseases in the post-natal period at the Kaluga oblast children from term gestation, on which has taken place them in utero irradiation owing to technogenic iodine-131 incorporation

Author: Gorobets V.F

Reference: Radiation and Risk (Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry) Year: 2011 Volume: 20 Issue: 1

Keywords: children, incidence of non-cancer thyroid diseases, irradiation in utero, technogenic iodine-131, cohort study

Abstract: The results of investigation of non-cancer thyroid diseases incidence rates, relative risks and etio-logic fractions by cohort study at 420 children from southwest region of the Kaluga oblast for the 12-year’s period after irradiation in utero on various terms of gestation at the expense of the technogenic iodine-131 incorporation are presented. Also 150 not exposed children as the control group was observed. It was established that incidence rates of thyroid diseases in the children irradiated in utero was at 2.6 times more than in the control group. The incidence of thyroid diseases among the children irradiated in utero was depended on the period of gestation at which irradiation was occurred. The highest level of the thyroid diseases incidence rate was in two subgroups of irradiated children: in the first subgroup every member was irradiated at the expense of iodine-131 from 4-th to 12-th week of gestation, in the second subgroup – from 16-th to 22-th week of gestation. It is known from radiobiological investigations that at these periods of gestation thyroid of foetus intensively accumulates radioactive iodine.

URL:http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/zavisimost-urovney-zabolevaemosti-neonkologicheskimi-zabolevaniyami-schitovidnoy-zhelezy-v-postnatalnom-periode-u-detey-iz-kaluzhskoy

Comparative analysis of thyroid diseases incidence in prepubertal children of Kaluga oblast, exposed to iodine-131 in utero and resided in areas with different level of radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident

Title: Comparative analysis of thyroid diseases incidence in prepubertal children of Kaluga oblast, exposed to iodine-131 in utero and resided in areas with different level of radioactive contamination after the Chernobyl accident

Author: Gorobets V.F

Reference: Radiation and Risk (Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry) Year: 2012 Volume: 21 Issue: 4

Keywords: children, in utero exposure to radiation, pollution of territories by iodine-131 and caesium-137, iodine supplementation, thyroid diseases incidence.

Abstract: Incidence of non-cancer thyroid diseases among prepubertal children exposed to radiation from Chernobyl in utero and resided in Zhizdra, Ulyanovo and Khvastovichi rayons of Kaluga oblast with different level of radioactive contamination was studied. It was shown that the rate of thyroid diseases incidence depended on natural iodine insufficiency in the areas of residence and radioiodine dose. The relative contribution of each of these factors can be estimated by difference between the incidence rate in exposed and unexposed children of the same age and the same area of residence.

URL:http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sravnitelnyy-analiz-zabolevaemosti-tireopatiyami-v-dopubertatnom-vozraste-detey-iz-kaluzhskoy-oblasti-obluchyonnyh-vnutriutrobno-za

Radiocontamination of the environment and its effects on the mother and fetuses – III. Part II – Retention of cesium 137 by pregnant women, placentae and infants.

Title: Radiocontamination of the environment and its effects on the mother and fetuses – III. Part II – Retention of cesium 137 by pregnant women, placentae and infants.

Author: Nagai T, Iinuma TA, Uchiyama M, Ishimara T, Yashiro S, Sternberg J.

Reference: Int J Appl Radiat Isot 1970; 21: 363–374.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-708X(70)90148-1

Keywords: radiocontamination, cesium 137, pregnancy

Abstract: In the mature placenta, concns. of stable K and 137Cs were 1.61 g/kg and 22 pCi/kg, resp. In pregnant women, the K content, determined by whole-body counting, followed the accumulation by the fetus, with the amount of 137Cs-remaining approx. constant at 3.4-4.7 nCi/kg. in the last 5 months before delivery. In infants, a linear relation was noted between total K and body weight, with a constant amount of K/kg. The 137Cs body burden was irregular. Doses from 137Cs in Osaka during the last trimester were 0.032, 0.02, and 0.016 millirem to mother, placenta, and fetus, resp., only ~1% of that received from naturally occurring 40K. Thus, the radiation received by the placenta from 137Cs is negligible.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0020708X70901481

Radiocontamination of the Environment and its Effects on the Mother and Fetus III, PART I–RETENTION OF CESIUM 137 DURING PREGNANCY: AN INTER-LABORATORIES STUDY

Title: Radiocontamination of the Environment and its Effects on the Mother and Fetus III, PART I–RETENTION OF CESIUM 137 DURING PREGNANCY: AN INTER-LABORATORIES STUDY

Author: Sternberg J, Nagai T, Fujimori H, Kimura Y.

Reference: International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 1970, Vol. 21, pp. 351-362.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-708X(70)90147-X

Keywords: radiocontamination, environment, cesium 137, strontium 90, pregnancy

Abstract: The determination of cesium 137 and strontium 90 in human placments was carried out in different laboratories in Japan and Canada, in order to standardize the radioassay procedures. Placentas from normal term deliveries were collected and measured for a period of 12–16 months in the Tokyo and Osaka areas in Japan and in the Montreal area in Canada.

Two procedures required the ashing of the entire placenta prior to radioassay. In the Tokyo group, the ashed organ was placed in a two NaI crystal system, in an almost 4π geometry, and the γ radiation was measured. The Osaka group continues the chemical separation of cesium by precipitation with chloroplatinate; the β radiation is then further measured with an anticoincidence system.

URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0020708X7090147X#