カテゴリー「thyroid cancer」
Title: Estimated long-term health effects
Author: Cardis, F. [International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (France)] / Okeanov, A.E. [AN Belorusskoj SSR, Minsk (Belarus)] / Likthariev, I. / Prisyazhniuk
Reference: Conference: International conference on one decade after Chernobyl: summing up the radiological consequences of the accident, Vienna; 1996 Apr 1996
Keywords: long-term health effects
Abstract: Apart from the dramatic increase in thyroid cancer in those exposed as children, there is no evidence to date of a major public health impact of the radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident in the three most affected countries. Although some increases in the frequency of cancer in exposed populations have been reported, these results are difficult to interpret, mainly because of differences in the intensity and method of follow-up between exposed populations and the general population to which they are compared. If the experience of atomic bomb survivors and of other exposed populations is applicable, the major radiological impact of the accident will be cancer and the total lifetime numbers of excess cancers will be greatest among the liquidators and among the residents of contaminated territories, of the order of 2,000 to 2,500. These increases would be difficult to detect epidemiologically against an expected background number of 41,500 and 433,000 respectively (size of the exposed populations: 200,000 and 3,700,000, respectively). It is noted, however, that the exposures received by populations exposed as a result of Chernobyl are different (in type and pattern) from those of atomic bomb survivors. Predictions derived from these populations are therefore uncertain. Indeed, the extent of the increase in thyroid cancer incidence in persons exposed as children was not foreseen. In addition, only ten years have passed since the accident. It is essential therefore that monitoring of the health of the population be continued in order to assess the public health impact of the accident, even if, apart from leukemia among liquidators, little detectable increase of cancers due to radiation from the Chernobyl accident is expected.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=273753
Title: Microsoft Word – imanaka-1.doc Chernobyl NPP Accident: What Did Happen?
Author: IMANAKA Tetsuji
Reference: [PDF-956K]Apr 2009 Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University
Keywords: childhood-thyroid cancer
Abstract:More than twenty years have passed since the worst accident in the history of nuclear power development occurred at the 4th block of the Chernobyl NPP in the former USSR. Although a lot of reports and books have been published about the Chernobyl accident, there are still remain unresolved issues about the physical sequences that led the reactor to the nuclear excursion and the nature of the explosion that destroyed the reactor and the building. From the present author’s point of view, the main causes of the accident were two defects of the RBMK reactor design: positive void coefficient for reactivity and positive-scram of the control rods. Under an extreme condition of the reactor core, positive scram effect appeared at first when the scram button (AZ-5) was turn on at 01:23:39 April 26, 1986, which, combining with the positive void coefficient, caused the power excursion and destroyed the reactor. Long-term effects of radioactive contamination by the Chernobyl accident were also discussed in the present paper.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/Chernobyl/kek07-1.pdf
Title: Administration of stable iodine to the population around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Author: F A Mettler Jr / H D Royal / J R Hurley / F Khafagi / M C Sheppard / V Beral / G Reeves / (…) / A Cheban
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 12 (3), p.159-165, Sep 1992
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/12/3/005
Keywords: radioactive iodine
Abstract: A very large amount (2.5 × 1017 Bq) of radioactive iodine was released as a result of the Chernobyl accident in 1986. An effective protective action that may be employed to reduce the potential radiation dose to the thyroid gland after a serious nuclear reactor accident is the administration of stable iodide in the form of potassium iodide (KI)..Potassium iodide was reportedly given to nearly five and a half million persons after the Chernobyl accident. During the International Chernobyl Project, medical investigators asked the general population in both highly contaminated and control settlements about thyroid prophylaxis. Only 25% of persons currently living in the most contaminated regions reported taking potassium iodide. Sixty-six percent indicated that they did not take potassium iodide and 9% were uncertain. Of those who took stable iodine prophylactically, 44% indicated that it was in solution, 44% that it was in tablets and 12% did not remember how it was administered. Only about one third of persons were able to indicate the duration of time that they took such medication. The average was 6.2 days. It appears that iodine prophylaxis will not have a major impact on estimated collective thyroid doses to the general population living around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The impact that distribution of KI had upon plant and emergency accident workers remains unknown to us.
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/12/3/005/
Title: Cancer in Sweden derived from fallout after the chernobyl accident
Author: Ekman, M. / Moberg, L. / Stenke, L. / Lewensohn, R. / Reizenstein, P.
Reference: European Journal of Cancer, 29 (Supplement 6), p.S124, Jan 1993
doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(93)91301-Z
Keywords: Sweden
Abstract: …incidence of lung cancer. Thus, combatting…trial patients. 676 CANCER IN SWEDEN DERIVED FROM FALLOUT AFTER THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT w.Ekman…Inatitute,Stockholm. Thyroid uptake of 1317 wame…plant accldent at Chernobyl In April 1986…growing problem of cancer. Antineoplastic…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/095980499391301Z
Title: Comments: lessons from the international collaboration
Author: Nagataki, Shigenobu
Reference: International Congress Series, 1234, p.95-102, May 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00599-4
Keywords: International collaboration; Thyroid cancer; Public understanding; Nagasaki University; Radiation Effects Research Foundation
Abstract: This paper will describe my personal experience in the investigation of childhood thyroid cancer following the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. My experience started in 1987 when I was President of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine and held a symposium on “Radiation and the Thyroid” where the health effects of the Chernobyl accident were reported by an expert from the European Thyroid Association (ETA). In 1990, I joined the IAEA project and the Chernobyl Sasakawa Health and Medical Cooperation Project, followed by the WHO/IPHECA Project, and the projects of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan. In 1992, I participated as a member of the European Community Commission, the Nagasaki Association for Hibakushas’ Medical Care (NASHIM), the Hiroshima International Council for Health Care of the Radiation-Exposed (HICARE), and finally as the Chairman of the Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF).
In addition to a description of the results of each project, the results of a scientific investigation on the health effects of the Chernobyl accident will be summarized and the gap between the scientific results and the public understanding will be discussed. Finally, the study themes to advance scientific knowledge for the benefit of humanity will be suggested.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101005994
Title: Increase of Regional Total Cancer Incidence in North Sweden Due to the Chernobyl Accident?
Author: Martin Tondel
Reference: [PDF-43K]May 2008
Keywords:
Abstract: In Europe concerns about the consequences of the Chernobyl accident have focused on childhood malignancies, especially leukaemia, assumed to have a short latency period after irradiation. Several studies have been performed outside the former Soviet Union, but none has shown any clear relationship with the fallout from the Chernobyl accident. However, children exposed during pregnancy have shown an increased risk of leukaemia in Greece, Germany and Ukraine, but not in Belarus. A recent study from Ukraine reports an increase in adult leukaemia after exposure from Chernobyl radiation. In Belarus, Ukraine and the western part of Russia, there has been a dramatic increase in thyroid cancer incidence in children related to the accident. In other parts of Europe a similar increase in thyroid cancer has been seen in adults…
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr139/pdf/tondel.pdf
Title: Concept of optimisation of the radiation protection system in the nuclear sector: management of individual cancer risks and providing targeted health care.
Author: V K Ivanov / A F Tsyb / A M Agapov / A P Panfilov / O V Kaidalov / A I Gorski / M A Maksioutov / (…) / V I Vaizer
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 26 (4), p.361-374, Dec 2006
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/26/4/001
Keywords:
Abstract: The paper discusses the provision of targeted health care to nuclear workers in Russia based on radiation-epidemiological estimates of cancer risks. Cancer incidence rates are analysed for the workers of the Institute of Physical Power Engineering (the first nuclear installation in the world) who were subjected to individual dosimetric monitoring from 1950 to 2002. The value of excess relative risk for solid cancers was found to be ERR Gy−1 = 0.24 (95% CI: −4.22; 7.96). It has been shown that 81.8% of the persons covered by individual dosimetric monitoring have potential attributive risk up to 5%, and the risk is more than
10% for 3.7% of the workers. Among the detected cancer cases, 73.5% of the individuals show an attributive risk up to 5% and the risk is in excess of 10% for 3.9% of the workers. Principles for the provision of targeted health care, given voluntary health insurance, are outlined.
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/26/4/001/
Title: Solid cancers after therapeutic radiation – can we predict which patients are most at risk?
Author: Thomas, G.A.
Reference: Clinical Oncology, 16 (6), p.429-434, Sep 2004
doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2004.04.008
Keywords: Post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer; Hodgkin’s disease; single nucleotide polymorphism
Abstract: …paediatric thyroid cancers after Chernobyl [29] . The study of the molecular biology of post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer has been greatly facilitated…studies. Early studies on post-Chernobyl thyroid cancer reported that there was a higher…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0936655504001578
Title: Current State of Epidemiological Studies in Belarus about Chernobyl Sufferers
Author: Vladimir P. MATSKO
Reference: [PDF-101K]Aug 2002
Keywords:
Abstract: The present paper is an analysis of the results of epidemiological studies in Belarus about the after-effects of the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station (ChAPS), based on published data at scientific institutes, organs and institutions of Ministry of Health. The special system in the Republic of sanitation for the affected population and its statistical outcome allows to obtain annually the data on morbidity and mortality of different cohorts of this population. The health both of the affected by the catastrophe and of the whole population of the Republic is influenced by economic, environmental (i.e. of natural and social medium) factors connected with individual behaviours, medical and sanitary situation. The higher level of disease incidence among the affected people can be explained, in a certain degree, not only by the ChAPS accident after-effects but also by the established sanitary system and improved diagnostics quality. Meanwhile, the adduced data are of interest as a basis for long-term observation, evaluation of tendencies and choice of directions of priority in further researches. The adduced material indicates aggravation of health state of the republican population, especially of those who suffered as a result of the ChAPS catastrophe. Undoubtedly, the higher disease incidence of the affected people (which constitute a fifth part of the total population) increases the morbidity in Belarus as a whole.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr21/kr21pdf/Matsko2.pdf
Title: Clinical Experiences with Radiation Induced Thyroid Cancer after Chernobyl
Author: Christoph Reiners
Reference: genes ISSN 2073-4425 1 [PDF-268K]May 2011
Keywords: Chernobyl; children; thyroid cancer; advanced stages; treatment; prognosis
Abstract:The risk of developing thyroid cancer increases considerably after exposure to external or internal radiation, especially in children below the age of 10. After the Chernobyl reactor accident, the yearly incidence of childhood thyroid cancer in Belarus increased to approximately 40 per 1.000.000 in girls and to roughly 20 per 1.000.000 in boys compared to approximately 0.5 cases per 1.000.000 prior to the accident. Typically, young children with thyroid cancer after radiation exposure present in ≈95% of the cases as papillary cancers, in ≈50% as invasive tumors growing outside the thyroid capsule, in ≈65% with lymph node metastases and in ≈15% with distant metastases. A joint Belarusian-German project starting in April 1993 that combined treatment with surgery and radioiodine was organized in 237 selected children from Belarus who were exposed to the Chernobyl fallout and had advanced stages of thyroid cancer. The study group included 141 girls and 96 boys. Their median age at the time of the accident was 1.7 years; whereas the median age at the time of diagnosis was 12.4 years. With the exception of two cases with follicular histology, the majority of the patients had been diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancers. In 63%, the tumor had grown outside the thyroid capsule and invaded the tissue of the neck (pT4). Nearly all of the selected cases (96%) showed-up with lymph node metastases (pN1) and 43% of the patients with distant metastases mainly to the lungs (pM1). In 58% of the children, complete remissions of thyroid cancer could be achieved until December 31st 2010 and in 34% of the children, stable partial remissions; in the remaining 8% of the patients, partial remissions were observed. The risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer increased considerably in children and adolescents who were affected by the Chernobyl reactor accident. In spite of the fact, that thyroid cancers in young children seem to behave more aggressively than in older patients, the results of combined treatment with thyroidectomy, radioiodine therapy and thyroid hormone replacement are excellent.
URL: http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/2/2/374/pdf
