Title: Stress in accident and post-accident management at Chernobyl
Author: Philippe Girard / Gilles Heriard Dubreuil
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 16 (3), p.167-180, Sep 1996
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/16/3/003
Keywords:
Abstract: …consequences of the Chernobyl accident on human health…some of them, such as thyroid pathologies— are…on the effects of the Chernobyl accident on the health…those questioned to the Chernobyl disaster. Constant reference is made to thyroid disorders. There are…
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/16/3/003/
Title: United States-assisted studies on dose reconstruction in the former Soviet Union
Author: Anspaugh, L.R. / Bouville, A.
Reference: Dec 1995 Conference: 1. international conference of the European Commission, Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine on the consequences of the Chernobyl accident, Minsk
Keywords: childhood-thyroid cancer leukemia
Abstract: Following the Chernobyl accident, the US and the USSR entered into an agreement to work on the safety of civilian nuclear reactors; one aspect of that work was to study the environmental transport and health effects of radionuclides released by the accident. After the break-up of the USSR separate agreements were established between the US and Ukraine, Belarus, and Russia to continue work on dose reconstruction and epidemiologic studies of health effects from exposure to external radiation and the incorporation of radionuclides. Studies in Belarus and Ukraine related to the Chernobyl accident now emphasize epidemiologic: studies of childhood-thyroid cancer and leukemia, and eye-lens-cataract formation in liquidators. Supporting studies on dose reconstruction emphasize a variety of ecological, physical, and biological techniques. Studies being conducted in Russia currently emphasize health effects in the workers and the population around the Mayak Industrial Association. As this production complex is an analogue of the US Hanford Works, advantage is being taken of the US experience in conducting a similar, recently completed dose-reconstruction study. In all cases the primary work on dose reconstruction is being performed by scientists from the former Soviet Union. US assistance is in the form of expert consultation and participation, exchange visits, provision of supplies and equipment, and other forms of local assistance.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=206957
Title: Overview of research and future prospects in radiation medicine based on the current health status in Belarus
Author: Bespalchuk, Pavel I / Kabak, Sergey / Cherstvoy, Eugenij / Demidchik, Yurij / Dubovik, Boris V / Romanovsky, Dmitry J / Stogarov, Alexander
Reference: International Congress Series, 1258, p.85-89, Nov 2003
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(03)01146-4
Keywords: Chernobyl; Thyroid cancer; Liquidator; Morbility; Mortality
Abstract: As a result of the Chernobyl disaster, the population of Belarus has been, and continues to be, exposed to more complicated environmental factors than simply those related to radiation exposure. The Chernobyl catastrophe produced barely evaluated consequences both for the population and for the economy of Belarus. We present a brief outline of the radiological problems and population health research in Belarus on the basis of the National and Statistics Reports of Health Care Trends in Belarus (1993–2001) of the Ministry of Health Care of Belarus and its affiliated institutions.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513103011464
Title: Chapter 10 – Childhood Thyroid Carcinoma
Author: Harness, Jay K. / Sahar, David E.
Reference: Textbook of Endocrine Surgery, Jan 2005
ISBN:9780721601397
Keywords: children
Abstract: …appearance of thyroid cancer ranges from…after the Chernobyl accident…follicular cancer. A tumor…role of a thyroid-specific…radiation-induced (Chernobyl accident…shown in thyroid tumors…to thyroid cancer cells…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780721601397500144
Title: Medical screening of thyroid diseases in the Gomel region, Belarus
Author: Vorobey, Vladimir S / Masyakin, Vladimir B / Arkhipenko, Vladimir N / Panasyuk, Galina D / Derzhitskaya, Yelena V / Batalova, Yelena N
Reference: International Congress Series, 1234, p.49-55, May 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00594-5
Keywords: Medical screening; Thyroid diseases; Belarus
Abstract: …been observed in thyroid cancer among children…contribution of the Chernobyl-Sasakawa Project…diagnosis of thyroid cancer among children and…period of the Chernobyl-Sasakawa International…Approximately 16% of thyroid cancer cases among children…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101005945
Title: Thyroid carcinoma after chernobyl
Author: Williams, D.
Reference: European Journal of Cancer, 37 (Supplement 6), p.S136, Apr 2001
doi: 10.1016/S0959-8049(01)80990-4
Keywords:
Abstract: …differences in the management of patient with cancer. The aim of this study was to define…the clinical management of patients with cancer. Methods: A questionnaire was developed…decision process in the management of cancer. Each questionnaire presented a simulated…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959804901809904
Title: Estimated long-term health effects
Author: Cardis, F. [International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon (France)] / Okeanov, A.E. [AN Belorusskoj SSR, Minsk (Belarus)] / Likthariev, I. / Prisyazhniuk
Reference: Conference: International conference on one decade after Chernobyl: summing up the radiological consequences of the accident, Vienna; 1996 Apr 1996
Keywords: long-term health effects
Abstract: Apart from the dramatic increase in thyroid cancer in those exposed as children, there is no evidence to date of a major public health impact of the radiation exposure from the Chernobyl accident in the three most affected countries. Although some increases in the frequency of cancer in exposed populations have been reported, these results are difficult to interpret, mainly because of differences in the intensity and method of follow-up between exposed populations and the general population to which they are compared. If the experience of atomic bomb survivors and of other exposed populations is applicable, the major radiological impact of the accident will be cancer and the total lifetime numbers of excess cancers will be greatest among the liquidators and among the residents of contaminated territories, of the order of 2,000 to 2,500. These increases would be difficult to detect epidemiologically against an expected background number of 41,500 and 433,000 respectively (size of the exposed populations: 200,000 and 3,700,000, respectively). It is noted, however, that the exposures received by populations exposed as a result of Chernobyl are different (in type and pattern) from those of atomic bomb survivors. Predictions derived from these populations are therefore uncertain. Indeed, the extent of the increase in thyroid cancer incidence in persons exposed as children was not foreseen. In addition, only ten years have passed since the accident. It is essential therefore that monitoring of the health of the population be continued in order to assess the public health impact of the accident, even if, apart from leukemia among liquidators, little detectable increase of cancers due to radiation from the Chernobyl accident is expected.
URL: http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?query_id=2&page=0&osti_id=273753
Title: Microsoft Word – imanaka-1.doc Chernobyl NPP Accident: What Did Happen?
Author: IMANAKA Tetsuji
Reference: [PDF-956K]Apr 2009 Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University
Keywords: childhood-thyroid cancer
Abstract:More than twenty years have passed since the worst accident in the history of nuclear power development occurred at the 4th block of the Chernobyl NPP in the former USSR. Although a lot of reports and books have been published about the Chernobyl accident, there are still remain unresolved issues about the physical sequences that led the reactor to the nuclear excursion and the nature of the explosion that destroyed the reactor and the building. From the present author’s point of view, the main causes of the accident were two defects of the RBMK reactor design: positive void coefficient for reactivity and positive-scram of the control rods. Under an extreme condition of the reactor core, positive scram effect appeared at first when the scram button (AZ-5) was turn on at 01:23:39 April 26, 1986, which, combining with the positive void coefficient, caused the power excursion and destroyed the reactor. Long-term effects of radioactive contamination by the Chernobyl accident were also discussed in the present paper.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/Chernobyl/kek07-1.pdf
Title: Administration of stable iodine to the population around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Author: F A Mettler Jr / H D Royal / J R Hurley / F Khafagi / M C Sheppard / V Beral / G Reeves / (…) / A Cheban
Reference: Journal of Radiological Protection, 12 (3), p.159-165, Sep 1992
doi: 10.1088/0952-4746/12/3/005
Keywords: radioactive iodine
Abstract: A very large amount (2.5 × 1017 Bq) of radioactive iodine was released as a result of the Chernobyl accident in 1986. An effective protective action that may be employed to reduce the potential radiation dose to the thyroid gland after a serious nuclear reactor accident is the administration of stable iodide in the form of potassium iodide (KI)..Potassium iodide was reportedly given to nearly five and a half million persons after the Chernobyl accident. During the International Chernobyl Project, medical investigators asked the general population in both highly contaminated and control settlements about thyroid prophylaxis. Only 25% of persons currently living in the most contaminated regions reported taking potassium iodide. Sixty-six percent indicated that they did not take potassium iodide and 9% were uncertain. Of those who took stable iodine prophylactically, 44% indicated that it was in solution, 44% that it was in tablets and 12% did not remember how it was administered. Only about one third of persons were able to indicate the duration of time that they took such medication. The average was 6.2 days. It appears that iodine prophylaxis will not have a major impact on estimated collective thyroid doses to the general population living around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The impact that distribution of KI had upon plant and emergency accident workers remains unknown to us.
URL: http://iopscience.iop.org/0952-4746/12/3/005/
Title: Effects of radioactive contamination on Scots pines in the remote period after the Chernobyl accident
Author: Geras’kin, Stanislav / Oudalova, Alla / Dikareva, Nina / Spiridonov, Sergey / Hinton, Thomas / Chernonog, Elena / Garnier-Laplace, Jacqueline
Reference: Ecotoxicology, 20 (6), p.1195-1208, Aug 2011 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0664-7
Keywords: Chernobyl accident, Radioactive contamination, Scots pine, Absorbed doses, Cytogenetic effects, Reproductive ability, Radio-adaptation
Abstract: A 6 year study of Scots pine populations inhabiting sites in the Bryansk region of Russia radioactively contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident is presented. In six study sites, 137Cs activity concentrations and heavy metal content in soils, as well as 137Cs, 90Sr and heavy metal concentrations in cones were measured. Doses absorbed in reproduction organs of pine trees were calculated using a dosimetric model. The maximum annual dose absorbed at the most contaminated site was about 130 mGy. Occurrence of aberrant cells scored in the root meristem of germinated seeds collected from pine trees growing on radioactively contaminated territories for over 20 years significantly exceeded the reference levels during all 6 years of the study. The data suggest that cytogenetic effects occur in Scots pine populations due to the radioactive contamination. However, no consistent differences in reproductive ability were detected between the impacted and reference populations as measured by the frequency of abortive seeds. Even though the Scots pine populations have occupied radioactively contaminated territories for two decades, there were no clear indications of adaptation to the radiation, when measured by the number of aberrant cells in root meristems of seeds exposed to an additional acute dose of radiation.
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10646-011-0664-7
