タグ「Belarus」
Title: A prognostic estimation of the area contaminated with alpha-emitting transuranium isotopes in Belarus following the Chernobyl accident
Author: V.A. Knatko, V.D. Asimova, A.E. Yanush, Yu.N. Golikov, I.I. Ivashkevich, L.A. Kouzmina, Yu.I. Bondar
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 83, Issue 1, 2005, Pages 49-59
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.07.005
Keywords:Chernobyl accident;238,239,240Pu and 241Am;Belarus
Abstract: As a result of the Chernobyl accident, some regions of Belarus have been contaminated with the plutonium isotopes 238,239,240,241Pu. Considering the importance of the environmental impact of the alpha-emitting radionuclides we have carried out a prognostic estimation of the area contaminated with 238,239,240Pu and 241Am (the latter being a decay product of 241Pu) in Belarus. The calculations were made using measurements of 238,239,240Pu activity concentrations in soil samples from about 600 settlements in the affected region, together with the estimated activity ratio A(241Am)/A(238,239,240Pu). The area contaminated with alpha-emitting transuranium isotopes predicted for the year 2006 has been compared with that estimated for 1986.The results show that by 2006, the area of inhabited districts where contamination with 238,239,240Pu and 241Am exceeds the threshold level of 740 Bq/m2, will be 3.7 times larger, reaching approximately 3.5 × 103 km2. Of this, almost 20% will have a contamination level of 1850–3700 Bq/m2.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X05000640
Title: Incidence of childhood disease in Belarus associated with the Chernobyl accident.
Author: Lomat L, Galburt G, Quastel MR, Polyakov S, Okeanov A, Rozin S
Reference: . 1997. Environ Health Perspect 105 Suppl 6:1529-32.
Keywords:children, Belarus
Abstract: Study of the childhood incidence of cancer and other diseases in Belarus is of great importance because of the present unfavorable environmental situation. About 20% of the children in the republic were exposed in various degrees to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident. Since 1987 increases in the incidence of most classes of disease have been reported, including the development of thyroid cancer. From 1987 to 1995, thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 424 children; its incidence having increased from 0.2 to 4.0/10(5) in 1995. According to preliminary data for 1996, 81 childhood cancer cases were reported. During 1995 there also were increases in the incidence of endocrine and dermatologic diseases and mental disorders. During the period 1987 to 1995 significant increases in the incidences of all illnesses were observed for children listed in the Chernobyl registry. The highest incidence rates were found in evacuated children and those residing in contaminated areas. There also were increased incidences of thyroid and digestive organ diseases among these children and in addition, high prevalence of chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis was observed. Since 1990 an increase of autoimmune thyroiditis has been observed. The highest rates of hematopoietic tissue diseases were found in children born after the accident to irradiated parents.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9467077
Title: Time trends of thyroid cancer incidence in Belarus after the Chernobyl accident.
Author: Heidenreich WF, Kenigsberg J, Jacob P, Buglova E, Goulko G, Paretzke HG, Demidchik EP, Golovneva A.
Reference: 1999.Radiation Research Society Radiat Res 151:617-25.
Keywords:childhood thyroid cancer,Belarus
Abstract: The rates of childhood thyroid cancer incidence observed in Belarus during the period 1986 to 1995 are described as a function of time after exposure, age at exposure, and sex. Conclusions are drawn for the excess absolute risk function. After a minimum latent period of about 3 years after exposure, this risk function has a linear increase with time for at least 6 years. After correction for the dependence of average doses on age, the radiation-induced absolute thyroid risk in Gomel is about a factor of 3 higher for children up to age 10 at exposure compared to older ones; this may be due in part to different case-collection quality. In addition, in the group up to 10 years at exposure, the thyroid of girls is more sensitive to radiation by a factor of about 1.5 than the thyroid of boys on an absolute scale. Risk estimates from external exposure are consistent with risk estimates from Gomel assuming that the increase in excess cases reaches a plateau soon.
URL: http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/3580038?uid=3738328&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21101947514301
Title: . Iodine deficiency in Belarusian children as a possible factor stimulating the irradiation of the thyroid gland during the Chernobyl catastrophe.
Author: Gembicki M, Stozharov AN, Arinchin AN, Moschik KV, Petrenko S, Khmara IM, Baverstock KF.
Reference: 1997 Environ Health Perspect 105 Suppl 6:1487-90.
Keywords:children, Belarus
Abstract: Ten years after the Chernobyl nuclear plant catastrophe more than 500 children in Belarus are suffering from thyroid cancer. The major cause of the high incidence of thyroid cancer in children under 15 years of age appears to be contamination resulting from that catastrophe, mainly with isotopes of radioactive iodine. Another important factor may be iodine deficiency in the environment. A countrywide program for investigation of goiter prevalence and iodine deficiency has been established in the Republic of Belarus with the assistance of the European World Health Organization office. The program will oversee the examination of 11,000 children and adolescents 6 to 18 years of age from 30 schools in urban and rural areas. The results obtained in a group of 824 children and adolescents (the pilot phase) are typical for significant iodine deficiency and moderate goiter endemism. It is clear that the present situation does not completely reflect the situation that existed at the time of the Chernobyl catastrophe. However, data from epidemiologic studies conducted many years before the accident showed high goiter prevalence in the contaminated areas, indicating that the prevalence of iodine deficiency at the time of the catastrophe was similar to the present one or even greater. Such an assumption could lead to a better understanding of the thyroid pathologies that have been observed.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9467069
Title: Chernobyl-related thyroid cancer in children of Belarus: a case-control study.
Author: Astakhova LN, Anspaugh LR, Beebe GW, Bouville A, Drozdovitch VV, Garber V, Gavrilin YI, Khrouch VT, Kuvshinnikov AV, Kuzmenkov YN, Minenko VP, Moschik KV, Nalivko AS, Robbins J, Shemiakina EV, Shinkarev S, Tochitskaya SI, Waclawiw MA.
Reference: Radiat Res 150:349-56. Research Institute of Radiation Medicine, Ministry of Health, Minsk, Belarus.
Keywords: children , Belarus
Abstract: The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on April 26, 1986, released approximately 2 EBq of 131I and other radioiodine isotopes that heavily contaminated southern Belarus. An increase in thyroid cancer reported in 1992 and attributed to the Chernobyl accident was challenged as possibly the result of intensive screening. We began a case-control study to test the hypothesis that the Chernobyl accident caused the increase in thyroid cancer. Records of childhood thyroid cancer in the national therapy centers in Minsk in 1992 yielded 107 individuals with confirmed pathology diagnoses and available for interview. Pathways to diagnosis were (1) routine endocrinological screening in 63, (2) presentation with enlarged or nodular thyroid in 25 and (3) an incidental finding in 19. Two sets of controls were chosen, one matched on pathway to diagnosis, the other representing the area of heavy fallout, both matched on age, sex and rural/urban residence in 1986. The 131I dose to the thyroid was estimated from ground deposition of 137Cs, ground deposition of 131I, a data bank of 1986 thyroid radiation measurements, questionnaires and interviews. Highly significant differences were observed between cases and controls (both sets) with respect to dose. The differences persisted within pathway to diagnosis, gender, age and year of diagnosis, and level of iodine in the soil, and were most marked in the southern portion of the Gomel region. The case-control comparisons indicate a strong relationship between thyroid cancer and estimated radiation dose from the Chernobyl accident.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9728663
Title: Use of 129I and 137Cs in soils for the estimation of 131I deposition in Belarus as a result of the Chernobyl accident
Author: V Mironov, V Kudrjashov, F Yiou, G.M Raisbeck
Reference: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volume 59, Issue 3, 2002, Pages 293-307
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00080-7
Keywords: Chernobyl; 129I; 131I; 137Cs; Soils
Abstract: Using radioactivity measurements for 131I and 137Cs and nuclear activation analysis (NAA) or accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) for 129I, ratios of 131I/137Cs and 129I/137Cs have been determined in soils from Belarus. We find that the pre-Chernobyl ratio of 129I/137Cs in Belarus is significantly larger than expected from nuclear weapons fallout. For the Chernobyl accident, our results support the hypothesis that there was relatively little fractionation of iodine and caesium during migration and deposition of the radioactive cloud. For sites having 137Cs >300 Bq/kg, 129I can potentially give more reliable retroactive estimates of Chernobyl 131I deposition. However, our results suggest that 137Cs can also give reasonably good (±50%) estimates for 131I in Belarus.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X01000807
Title: Belarus and Chernobyl:Separating Seeds from Chaff Ioffe.fm
Author: Grigory Ioffe1
Reference: [PDF-360K]Nov 2009
Keywords: Belarus
Abstract: Seventy percent of radionuclides discharged during the Chernobyl disaster were deposited in Belarus. Besides causing radioactive contamination, the tragedy at Chernobyl exposed some of the socio-cultural characteristics, such as mass dependency on strong patronage of the state, that buttress the political institutions of that country. On the basis of a literature review, a specialist on Belarus aims at separating proven health effects of Chernobyl from psychological and socio-political consequences of the disaster.
URL: http://gioffe.asp.radford.edu/images/pubpdfs/chernobyl.pdf
Title: Medical screening of thyroid diseases in the Gomel region, Belarus
Author: Vorobey, Vladimir S / Masyakin, Vladimir B / Arkhipenko, Vladimir N / Panasyuk, Galina D / Derzhitskaya, Yelena V / Batalova, Yelena N
Reference: International Congress Series, 1234, p.49-55, May 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00594-5
Keywords: Medical screening; Thyroid diseases; Belarus
Abstract: …been observed in thyroid cancer among children…contribution of the Chernobyl-Sasakawa Project…diagnosis of thyroid cancer among children and…period of the Chernobyl-Sasakawa International…Approximately 16% of thyroid cancer cases among children…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101005945
Title: Current State of Epidemiological Studies in Belarus about Chernobyl Sufferers
Author: Vladimir P. MATSKO
Reference: [PDF-101K]Aug 2002
Keywords:
Abstract: The present paper is an analysis of the results of epidemiological studies in Belarus about the after-effects of the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station (ChAPS), based on published data at scientific institutes, organs and institutions of Ministry of Health. The special system in the Republic of sanitation for the affected population and its statistical outcome allows to obtain annually the data on morbidity and mortality of different cohorts of this population. The health both of the affected by the catastrophe and of the whole population of the Republic is influenced by economic, environmental (i.e. of natural and social medium) factors connected with individual behaviours, medical and sanitary situation. The higher level of disease incidence among the affected people can be explained, in a certain degree, not only by the ChAPS accident after-effects but also by the established sanitary system and improved diagnostics quality. Meanwhile, the adduced data are of interest as a basis for long-term observation, evaluation of tendencies and choice of directions of priority in further researches. The adduced material indicates aggravation of health state of the republican population, especially of those who suffered as a result of the ChAPS catastrophe. Undoubtedly, the higher disease incidence of the affected people (which constitute a fifth part of the total population) increases the morbidity in Belarus as a whole.
URL: http://www.rri.kyoto-u.ac.jp/NSRG/reports/kr21/kr21pdf/Matsko2.pdf
Title: In the shadow of Chernobyl—a report of the first international conference of the European Commission, Belarus, Russian federation and Ukraine on the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident, 18–22 march 1996, Minsk, Belarus
Author: Storm, H.H.
Reference: European Journal of Cancer, 32 (11), p.1864-1865, Oct 1996
doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(96)00159-1
Keywords:
Abstract: …is the highly increased risk of thyroid cancer in children and young adults…surprise is not the occurrence of thyroid cancer (from radioactive iodine…of the accident will contract thyroid cancer during the next 50 years. Psychological…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0959804996001591
