タグ「radionuclides」
Author: A. P. Novikov, S. N. Kalmykov, T. A. Goryachenkova, B. F. Myasoedov
Reference: Russian Journal of General Chemistry, 2011
ISSN: 0373-0247
DOI: 10.1134/S1070363211090489
Keywords: radionuclides, change form, contaminated wastewater, soil
Abstract: Radionuclides undergo redistribution and change existence forms (and, therefore, migration dynamics) not only immediately after they enter into the environment, but also during migration. The latter can be associated with changes in the delivery medium (for example, as strongly contaminated wastewaters is diluted by natural), decrease in the concentration of radionuclides (during their sorption and coprecipitation on soil or host rock microparticles), or change in carrier forms (dissolution of fuel matrices). In view of the multifactor nature and complexity of these processes, we set ourselves the task to summarize results obtained at the GEOKHI RAS on the forms of existence and migration dynamics of radionuclides in radioactively contaminated soils. As objects for study we used soils typical of the forest-steppe zone of the Eastern Ural Radioactive Trace (EURT) and taken at a distance of 2 through 8 km from the Trace axis and 2–4 km from the accident place, as well as samples of the high-water bed soils and sediments of the Enisey River, taken 60 km downstream from the Mining Chemical Combine (MCC).
URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1134%2FS1070363211090489#
Author: Neganov O.V., Neganova M.A., Silantev A.M., Silantev S.A., Jakovenko G.B.
Reference: patent of invention, 1999
ISSN:
DOI:
Keywords: decontamination of water, radionuclides
Abstract: FIELD: devices for water cleaning from radionuclides, bacterial, virus and other contaminants in presence of magnetic fields. SUBSTANCE: device has successively connected by means of magnetic pipes magnetic funnel with track membrane, dropping tubes-filters with magnets and ion-exchange resins, and modular electrode unit with selective sorbent of thermoxid grade in magnetic body. EFFECT: production of elocogically clean potable water with efficient trapping of radionuclides. 1 dwg
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=17518084
Author: Glagolenko Yu.G., Drozhko E.G., Mokrov Yu.G.
Reference: Gazette “ВОПРОСЫ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ“ (Issues on radiation safety), 2007
ISSN: 1816-9643
DOI: 546.42 : 551.48
Keywords: Techa river, beta-emitting radionuclides, alpha-emitting radionuclides, long-lived 90sr and 137cs, Mayak production
Abstract: During 1949-1956 while implementing the State defense program by the Mayak Production Association routine (specified in the detail design) and accidental discharges of the liquid radioactive waste (LRW) into the open hydrographic system of the Techa river were performed. The discharged LRW consisted mainly of beta-emitting radionuclides of fission-fragment origin with half-life from several days to dozens of years and insignificant amounts (traces) of alpha-emitting nuclides (U, Pu, Am). By the middle of the 1960-s practically all the radionuclides contained in the discharged LRW had been subjected to the natural radioactive decay, and the river system radioactive contamination was determined only by the long-lived 90Sr and 137Cs and to a considerably lesser degree by the plutonium (238, 239, 240Pu) and 99Тс. The major part of the activity of the mentioned above radionuclides was deposited upon the swampy flood-plain area (Asanovsky swamps) in the upper Techa river. The following sources of the Techa river water radioactive contamination have been studied in this wok: – sorption-desorption of the activity from the Asanovsky swamps (90Sr); – bottom sediment stirring and activity transfer with suspensions (137Cs, Pu); – overland radioactive run-off from the catchment territory of the Techa river contaminated as a result of accidents occurred in 1957 and 1967 (90Sr, 137Cs); – filtration transfer of the activity from the Techa reservoir cascade (tritium, 90Sr). The data on activity margin of 90Sr, 137Cs, Pu and 99Тс deposited upon different river sections are provided. The analysis of the experimental and calculated data on volumetric activity and radioactive run-off of tritium, 90Sr, 137Cs, 99Tc and plutonium with the Techa river water depending on the water flow in the river is presented.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11643606
Author: Novikov A.P., Kalmykov O.V., Myasoedov B.F., Ivanov I.A., Rovny S.I.
Reference: Gazette “ВОПРОСЫ РАДИАЦИОННОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ“ (Issues on radiation safety), 2009
ISSN: 1816-9643
DOI:
Keywords: radionuclides, groundwater, colloids, migration
Abstract: Outcomes of the study are presented that concern bond strength of radionuclides with colloid particles of different sizes obtained from underground waters of the Karachai contamination plume. Using the method of photon-correlation spectroscopy, it was found out that the total content of colloid in deeper horizons is an order of magnitude higher than that in near-surface horizons. At that, an average particle radius also increases with depth. The main portion of Pu, Am, and Cm is bound with colloids (40-90 %). Portions of U and Np in the composition of colloid particles are smaller (2-20 %), and this fact determines their higher migration mobility in underground waters. An insignificant number of actinides is bond with large colloids with a size from 450 nm tо 200 nm. A significant part of actinides in water occurring at a depth of 40 m and deeper is in the fraction of colloid particles with a size from 200 nm tо 50 nm. In water of these horizons not more than 30 % of Pu and Am is bound with smaller size colloids (from 10 kDa tо 50 nm). As it gets closer to the surface, a number of actinides in the fraction of nano-particles (50 nm – 10 kDa) grows up to 50 %. Using the method of selective leaching, the bond strength of actinides with the colloid of underground waters from the Karachai contamination plume was investigated. Using the alpha-track analysis, it was shown that microdistribution of alpha-emitting radionuclides in the colloid is uniform. It was demonstrated that radionuclides, which are found in the colloid of underground waters sampled from three wells with various chemical composition, are in the forms that differ in the degree of their solubility. U and Np in colloid are bound only with highly soluble and mobile groups of compounds; these radionuclides were not identified in the sparingly soluble residue. While Pu and Am are, on the contrary, found in the colloid primarily in sparingly soluble forms. Am, to a greater extent, is bound with surface organo-metallic complexes. Pu was mainly found in the fraction of amorphous oxides.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=11991986
Author: Novikov, A. P.; Kalmykov, S. N.; Goryachenkova, T. A.; Kazinskaya, I. E.; Barsukova, K. V.; Lavrinovich, E. A.; Kuzovkina, E. V.; Myasoedov, B. F.
Reference: Gazette “Radiochemistry”, 2009
ISSN: 0033-8311
DOI:
Keywords: radioisotopes, lake, groundwater, radionuclide contamination
Abstract: Associations of radionuclides with colloidal particles of various sizes, isolated from underground waters of the Lake Karachai contamination area, were studied. Analysis by photon correlation spectroscopy showed that the total content of colloidal matter in deeper horizons is higher by an order of magnitude than in near-surface horizons. The mean particle radius also increases with the depth. The major fraction of Pu, Am, and Cm is associated with colloids (40�90%). U and Np are associated with colloidal particles to a lesser extent (2�20%), which determines their higher migration mobility in underground waters. The amount of actinides associated with coarse colloidal particles of size from 450 to 200 nm is insignificant. A considerable fraction of actinides is in the deep-lying water (depth =40 m) is associated with colloidal particles of size from 200 to 50 nm. No more than 30% of Pu and Am in water of these horizons is associated with finer colloids (from 10 kDa to 50 nm). With approaching the surface, the amount of actinides in the fraction of nanometer-sized particles (50 nm-10 kDa) increases (to 50%).
URL: http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/47128737/association-radionuclides-colloidal-matter-underground-waters-taken-from-observation-wells-zone-impact-lake-karachai
Title: Retrospective evaluation of irradiation doses of the population in the territories contaminated by the radionuclides from the Chernobyl accident
Author: Sokolov, Victor Vasiliyevich
Reference: Tula, 2002
Keywords: geosystems, landscapes, population , forest, radionuclides
Abstract: The aim of this work was to establish a new and refinement of existing patterns of formation of dose-forming fields and retrospective assessment of radiation exposure during external and internal exposure of the population living in areas contaminated by Chernobyl fallout radionuclides in the landscape-geochemical conditions in the central regions of Russia, for effective environmental monitoring and assessment non- epidemiological morbidity of the population .
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/retrospektivnaya-otsenka-doz-pri-obluchenii-naseleniya-na-territoriyakh-zagryaznennykh-radio
Title: Instrumental verification of calculation methods for the assessment of individual cumulative doses of the whole body internal radiation of the population living in the territories contaminated with radionuclides due to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident
Author: Kalashnikova, Elena Evgenyevna
Reference: Obninsk, 2011
Keywords: internal dose, population, radionuclides
Abstract: The aim of the thesis: Application of the results of WBC (whole body counter) measurements of the activity of 137Cs verification tool for the calculation method of the assessment of individual internal doses of total body irradiation in the population at the radioactively contaminated areas of Bryansk region, based on the use of radio-ecological model and the primary information contained in the individual dosimetry questionnaires.
URL:http://www.dissercat.com/content/instrumentalnaya-verifikatsiya-raschetnykh-metodov-otsenki-individualnykh-nakoplennykh-doz-v
Author: Gerasimova L. G., Maslova M. V., Nikolaev A. I.
Reference: Gazette “ЦВЕТНЫЕ МЕТАЛЛЫ“, 2011
ISSN: 0372-2929
DOI:
Keywords: Sorption, desorption, composite sorbents, flow sheet, wastewater, non-ferrous metal cations, radioactive isotopes
Abstract: A method for the production of a new, composite inorganic adsorbent based on titanium phosphate derived from current wastes of apatite-nepheline ore processing is described. The new variant of waste recovery makes it possible to implement advanced and environmentally friendly patterns. In this work, a scientific justification for parameters of titanium phosphate precursor synthesis and treatment is proposed. The technology is highly effective; the adsorbent can be used in cleaning of weak-salt aqueous effluents. The chemical stability of the composite adsorbent in various solutions has been studied to determine the optimal operating conditions for it. It has been found that after five sorption desorption cycles the material’s ion-exchanges capacity remains practically unchanged. The possibility of recovering the sorbent saturated with transition metals has been examined by using different mineral acids. Methods for the spent material utilization in the production of building fillers are discussed. The paper provides the data on purification of real wastewater of multimineral ore processing. It was noted that the cations of water hardness are first absorbed by the material, later becoming displaced by elements forming stronger bonds with phosphate groups. By the example of artificial radioactive solutions containing 137Cs, 152Eu, 234Th, 238U, 60Со, we determined the material’s ion-exchange capacity and its dependence on the adsorbent’s initial bulk density and number of sorption stages. The material has demonstrated superior ion-exchange properties in wastewater purification from non-ferrous metals and radionuclides.
URL: http://www.rudmet.ru/journal/656/article/8383/
Author: Lukin A.A., Mel’nik N.A.
Reference: Gazette “Water Resources”, 2006
ISSN: 0097-8087
DOI: 10.1134/S009780780601009X
Keywords: radionuclides, water, soil, fish, concentration of uranium and vanadium
Abstract: The results of studies performed in the area of a uranium-vanadium deposit are used to characterize the concentration and distribution of microelements and radionuclides in water, soil, and fish. The exposure rate on the surface of the examined samples is found to be equal to 15�20 �r/h, i.e., to lie at the background level, which means that these samples are not an external radiation hazard for population. Concentrations of U and V in water somewhat greater than background values were recorded, though they are lower than MAC for fishery water bodies. The collected data show that a delicate equilibrium has formed in this territory, although the hydrochemical characteristics have not changed within the recent 40 years, and radionuclide content of water, soil, bottom sediments, and fish are at an extremely low level.
URL: http://direct.bl.uk/bld/PlaceOrder.do?UIN=183368045&ETOC=RN&from=searchengine
Author: Klimova E.V.
Reference: Gazette “ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ В АПК.” (Ecological safety in agricultural sector), Moscow, 2003
ISSN: 1726-2211
DOI:
Keywords: groundwater, radionuclides, contamination of water, Kazakhstan
Abstract:
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=6576226
