タグ「Papillary thyroid carcinoma」
Title: Comparative Morphological Analysis of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Children and Adolescents Born before and after Chernobyl Accident
Author: Abrosimov A. Yu.
Reference: Medical Radiological Research Center of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 4 Korolev str., Obninsk, Kaluga district, 249036 Russia
ISSN: 0025-8334
Keywords: THYROID, RADIOGENIC AND SPORADIC PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS, CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
Abstract: Purpose: To elaborate comparative morphological analysis of radiogenic and sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma in children and adolescents bom before and after Chernobyl accident and living in the radionuclide contaminated regions of the Russian Federation. Material and methods: Histological sections of papillary carcinoma and medical records from I8O children (under 15 years old) and adolescents (from 15 to 19 years) living in Bryansk, Kaluga, Oryol and Tula regions of Russia have been examined. The first group of radiogenic cancer cases includes 130 patients whose thyroid might be exposed after the accident. The second group of sporadic tumors includes 50 patients bom since the end of January 19S7 and whose thyroid exposure to radioiodine becomes negligible. A comparison between two groups via prevalence of different histological types of papillary carcinoma and other morphological features of tumor growth has been performed. Results;The male/female ratio in the first group is 1/1.5 comparing to the second group where it is 1/3.2. The average size of tumors in the first group is higher than that in the second one (14.6+1.0 mm vs. 11.4+0.8 mm), but difference is not quite significant (p-0.06). The differences between higher extent of tumor stromal fibrosis (52.3 %) and extent of cxtrathyroid invasion (23.8 %) of tumors in the first group comparing to the second group (28.0 % and 8.0 % respectively) are statistically significant (p<0.01 and р=0.02 respectively). No differences ‘between two groups have been revealed in the prevalence of various histological types of papillary carcinoma. Conclusion: Radiogenic and sporadic papillary carcinomas have no specific types of histological architecture (histological variants). Twо groups differ from each other by the male/female ratio (females are significantly prevailing in the sporadic group), as well as by the extent of stromal fibrotic response and extent of extrathyroid invasive growth that could be revealed more often in the group of radiogenic papillary thyroid carcinomas.
URL: http://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=10019508
Author: I.A. Pavlov
Reference: Dissertation, candidate of medical sciences, Rostov-na-Donu, 2010
Keywords: papillary carcinoma of thyroid gland, endogenous factor, exogenous factor
Abstract: It is shown that a significant role in the development of thyroid disorders, including thyroid cancer, are played by both endogenous and exogenous factors. Among the latter, a special place is occupied by the influence of radiation, in particular the consequences of the accident of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant (JI.A Ilyin et al. 1989; Abrosimov Yu et al., 2001; Kravtsov VJ et al., 2009; Troshin B. P., Tikhonov, Y., 2009), and shown in our work (Pavlova TV, et al., 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007). In addition, specific attention is drawn to other factors (Khmelnytsky OK, AV Kiselev, 1998) like iodine deficiency states (PABSEC Volokh Yu VP, Van – Mildsvort JI., 1992), a number of unhealthy habits etc …
URL: http://www.dissercat.com/content/kliniko-morfologicheskie-diagnosticheskie-kriterii-papillyarnogo-raka-shchitovidnoi-zhelezy-
Title: Pediatric thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl disaster. Pathomorphologic study of 84 cases (1991-1992) from the Republic of Belarus.
Author: Nikiforov Y, Gnepp DR.
Reference: Cancer. 1994 Jul 15;74(2):748-66.
doi:
Keywords:
Abstract: Post-Chernobyl pediatric thyroid carcinoma is characterized by a short latency, a higher proportion of tumors arising in young children, and an almost equal sex ratio. Microscopically, these tumors were usually aggressive, often demonstrating intraglandular tumor dissemination (92%), thyroid capsular and adjacent soft tissue invasion (89%), and cervical lymph node metastases (88%). Papillary carcinoma was diagnosed in 99% of cases, with an unusually high frequency of solid growth patterns. Morphologic changes in nonneoplastic thyroid tissue were present in 90% of the glands, and the most specific findings were vascular changes and perifollicular fibrosis.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8033057
Title: Heterogeneity in the distribution of RET/PTC rearrangements within individual post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas
Author: Unger, K., Zitzelsberger, H., Salvatore, G.*, Santoro, M.*, Bogdanova, T.*, Braselmann, H., Kastner, P.,Zurnadzhy, L.*, Tronko, N.*, Hutzler, P., Thomas, G.:. J.
Reference: Clin. Endocr. Metab. 89, 4272-4279 (2004)
Keywords:
Abstract: The nuclear disaster that occurred in Chernobyl in 1986 offered the unique opportunity to study the molecular genetics of one human tumor type, papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland, associated with a specific etiology. We have analyzed RET rearrangements in post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid carcinomas (n = 29), follicular thyroid adenomas (n = 2), and follicular thyroid carcinoma (n = 1) by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Paraffin sections were microdissected before use to ensure that only tumor was present. Cell nuclei were scored for the presence of a split FISH signal (separated red and green signal) in addition to an overlapping signal. Only cells with either two overlapping signals or one split and one overlapping signal were counted to ensure that only complete cell nuclei had been scored. In total, 23 of 32 cases (72%) showed RET rearrangements diagnosed by FISH interphase analysis. In all cases, the tumors were composed of a mixture of cells with and without ret rearrangement on FISH. In some cases, this distribution was clearly nonrandom because clustering of rearranged cells was detected within the same tumor nodule. Accordingly, only 31% of the cases positive for rearrangement on FISH also scored positive using RT-PCR. These findings suggest that because RET/PTC rearrangements are not present in a majority of tumor cells, either a fraction of post-Chernobyl papillary thyroid tumors are of multiclonal origin, or ret rearrangement is a later, subclonal event.
URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15356021
Title: [CANCER RESEARCH 63, 1454 –1457, April 1, 2003]
High Prevalence of BRAF Mutations in Thyroid Cancer: Genetic Evidence for Constitutive Activation of the RET/PTC-RAS-BRAF Signaling Pathway in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma1
Author: Edna T. Kimura, Marina N. Nikiforova, Zhaowen Zhu, Jeffrey A. Knauf, Yuri E. Nikiforov, and James A. Fagin2
Reference: [PDF-119K]Jun 2009 [CANCER RESEARCH 63, 1454–1457, April 1, 2003] Advances in Brief
Keywords:
Abstract: Thyroid papillary cancers (PTCs) are associated with activating mutations of genes coding for RET or TRK tyrosine kinase receptors, as well as of RAS genes. Activating mutations of BRAF were reported recently in most melanomas and a small proportion of colorectal tumors. Here we show that a somatic mutation of BRAF, V599E, is the most common genetic change in PTCs (28 of 78; 35.8%). BRAFV599E mutations were unique to PTCs, and not found in any of the other types of differentiated follicular neoplasms arising from the same cell type (0 of 46). Moreover, there was no overlap between PTC with RET/PTC, BRAF, or RAS mutations, which altogether were present in 66% of cases. The lack of concordance for these mutations was highly unlikely to be a chance occurrence. Because these signaling proteins function along the same pathway in thyroid cells, this represents a unique paradigm of human tumorigenesis through mutation of three signaling effectors lying in tandem.
…Ohio 45267 Abstract Thyroid papillary cancers…along the same pathway in thyroid cells, this represents…PTCs3 are the most common thyroid malignant tumor. Character…hallmark of this type of cancer. RET/PTC rearrangements…disasters such as the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident…
URL: http://path.upmc.edu/people/ynlab/Publication%20PDFs/Nikiforova2003CancerResearch.pdf
Title: Well-differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid
Author: Boone, Ryan T / Fan, Chun-Yang / Hanna, Ehab Y
Reference: Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, 36 (1), p.73-90, Feb 2003
doi: 10.1016/S0030-6665(02)00127-5
Keywords: Fine needle aspiration biopsy, Staging, Pathology, Papillary carcinoma, Follicular carcinoma, Hurthle cell carcinoma, Treatment, Thyroidectomy, Neck dissection, Adjuvant treatment, Prognosis, Special considerations, Cancer of the thyroid in children, Cancer of the thyroid during pregnancy
Abstract: …family history of thyroid disease or cancer is important in…underlying undiagnosed thyroid disease. A nodule…aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear accident…duration of the thyroid mass and any associated…patients with thyroid cancer as they usually…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030666502001275
Title: Can different thyroid tumor types be distinguished by polymerase chain reaction-based K- ras mutation detection?
Author: Apple, Sophia K. / Alzona, Maria C. / Jahromi, Soraya A. / Grody, Wayne W.
Reference: Molecular Diagnosis, 3 (3), p.143-148, Sep 1998
doi: 10.1016/S1084-8592(98)80032-5
Keywords: follicular adenoma; follicular carcinoma; papillary carcinoma; oncogenes
Abstract: Thyroid tumors have mutations of the ras oncogenes, although the prognostic and diagnostic significance of this remains unclear. Usually, thyroid follicular adenoma, follicular carcinoma, and papillary carcinoma are easy to differentiate histologically. Occasionally, follicular carcinoma may be difficult to separate from the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, and a molecular test to help differentiate the two would be critical, as their behavior and clinical management differ. In earlier reports, K-ras mutations have been suggested as such a marker.
…normal and proliferative thyroid tissues. Am J Pathol…carcinomas arising from thyroid epithe- lial follicular cells. Gene Chromosomes Cancer 1996;16:1-14 22…benign and malignant thyroid tumors from children…to radiation after the Chernobyl nuclear accident. Oncogene…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084859298800325
Title: Molecular analysis of radiation-induced thyroid carcinomas in humans
Author: Rabes, Hartmut M
Reference: International Congress Series, 1236, p.207-215, Jul 2002
doi: 10.1016/S0531-5131(01)00750-6
Keywords: Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Gene rearrangement; RET; NTRK1; Genotype/phenotype correlations
Abstract: Correlations have been found between radiation exposure and thyroid carcinoma development, particularly in children. Recent studies on a large cohort of radiation-induced papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) after the Chernobyl reactor accident disclosed a common type of underlying genetic alteration. A high prevalence of rearrangements of the receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) c-RET was observed, besides some rearrangements involving NTRK1. Radiation-induced RET rearrangements in PTC consist most frequently of fusions to the H4 gene (RET/PTC1) or to the ELE1 (ARA70) gene (RET/PTC3). Both fusions are formed by balanced paracentric inversions on chromosome 10. An analysis of the fused genes in ELE1/RET rearrangements revealed DNA double-strand breaks spread over a distance of about 2.3 kb in two introns and the interposed exon of ELE1, exon 11 and intron 11 of RET, without significant clustering in these parts of the genes. Topoisomerase I sites were found exactly at or in close vicinity to all breakpoints, suggesting a role for this enzyme in formation of DNA strand breaks or inversions. The genes fuse at short regions of sequence homology and short direct or inverted repeats (microhomology-mediated DNA end joining). A minority of PTC cases contain novel types of RET rearrangement, with RIα, GOLGA2, HTIF, HTIF homolog, RFG8, ELKS, KTN1 and PCM-1 as the 5′-fused genes. These novel types of gene fusions are formed by interchromosomal translocation. The formation of these rare types of rearrangement seems to be highly related to radiation as they have rarely been found in sporadic PTC. All RET gene fusions seem to act similarly on RET function: The strict physiological control of RET TK activity is suspended through constitutive activation by 5′-fused parts of genes containing coiled-coil domains with dimerization potential. RET expression in thyrocytes, which under normal conditions, lack RET TK activity apparently triggers clonal expansion and early invasion of the affected cells. RET-fused genes, some of which are transcriptional coactivators, are important determinators of the peculiar phenotype of the tumour and for its clinical course. This is most significant in RET/PTC3 rearrangements with ELE1 as the RET-fused gene: this type of rearrangement leads more often to the phenotype of a solid variant of PTC, and to rapid tumour development and early lymph node metastasis. Up to now, no other genetic aberration has more frequently been observed in PTC than RET rearrangement, thus suggesting that RET rearrangement represents a genetic marker lesion of radiation history in the development of a PTC.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0531513101007506
Title: Chapter 8 Mechanisms of radiation-induced carcinogenesis: The thyroid model
Author: Nikiforov, Yuri E. / Fagin, James A.
Reference: Advances in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 2, p.169-196, Jan 1998
doi: 10.1016/S1569-2566(98)80016-1
Keywords: biological effects of radiation , papillary carcinoma, children
Abstract: Based on present information on the biological effects of radiation, the ultimate nature of the genetic events giving rise to the papillary carcinomas in the exposed children may have resulted either directly from DNA damage to oncogenic sequences (that is, ret/PTC), or may be due to downstream events taking place after the genome of the affected cell has been destabilized by as yet unexplained mechanisms. It is now clear that radiationinduced papillary carcinomas of Chernobyl have certain “signature” genetic features—namely a high prevalence of a particular form of ret/PTC rearrangement. This provides a definable end-point for future studies of radiation-induced DNA damage in thyroid cells, and may allow for the testing of more targeted hypothesis as to the natural history of these tumors. The exposure to the thyroid gland resulted from internal irradiation from absorbed shortlived radioiodines and, to a lesser extent, penetrating gamma radiation. Appearance of thyroid carcinomas was noted 10 years after the exposure, with seven papillary, one follicular, and seven occult thyroid cancers diagnosed among the 250 exposed individuals during 34 years of careful monitoring.
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1569256698800161
Title: Rearrangements of NTRK1 gene in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Author: Greco, A. / Miranda, C. / Pierotti, M.A.
Reference: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, 321 (1), p.44-49, May 2010
doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.10.009
Keywords: NTRK1; Gene rearrangement; Papillary thyroid tumor
Abstract: …starting from papillary thyroid tumor DNA. Transforming…isolated from papillary thyroid tumors are reported in Table…radioiodine released from the Chernobyl reactor a high rate of…event in the process of thyroid carcinogenesis. Transgenic…penetrance of thyroid cancer and shortens the latency…
URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303720709005565
